Fatty acid and sterol composition of gametophytes and sporophytes of <i>Chondrus crispus</i> (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)

Abstract

SUMMARY: Fatty acids and sterols of gametophytes and sporophytes of Chondrus crispus were isolated and identified. Although chemical variation in the proportions of other natural compounds (eg. different carrageenan type) between gametophytes and sporophytes has already been observed, this is the first comparative study of the lipid composition in both generations. The content of fatty acids and sterols in gametophytes (0.710 and 0.190 mg g -1 dry weight respectively) was higher than in sporophytes (0.622 and 0.113 mg g -1 dry weight). The main fatty acids were palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. These five fatty acids represented more than 78% of the all fatty acid composition in both generations. In addition unsaturated fatty acids were present in a much greater quantity (>80%) than saturated fatty acids. However, differences in the distribution of fatty acids between the two generations were observed. Gametophytes demonstrated higher amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids while sporophytes had a relatively higher content of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The major sterol in both generations was cholesterol (>94%). Differences were also observed in the sterol distribution between gametophytes and sporophytes, the former containing smaller amounts of 7-dehydrocholesterol and stigmasterol, while the latter had smaller amounts of 22-dehydrocholesterol, campesterol and sitosterol. Gametophytes were lacking 24-methylenecholesterol. Fatty acids and sterol of algal class, families and sometimes even species are characteristic to those particular taxa, and could be useful as chemotaxonomic markers. The results of this study showed that intra-specific variation in algae can be occured.

Lipids, Fatty Acids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids

“…The two major FA are therefore ARA and EPA (Schmid et al, 2014). Other abundant FA in this class are palmitic (16:0) and oleic (18:1) acids (Tasende, 2000). Other abundant FA in this class are palmitic (16:0) and oleic (18:1) acids (Tasende, 2000).…”

Bioactive compounds in seaweed: functional food applications and legislation

“…acid content (total) and composition given in mean (% of dry weight and % of total fatty acid, respectively) aJensen and Haug (1956); bMarsham et al (2007); cMorrissey et al (2001); dHaug and Jensen (1954); eDawczynski et al (2007); fWen et al (2006); g McHugh(2003); hRioux et al (2007); iKim et al (1996); jHerbreteau et al (1997); k Jensen(1960); l Plaza et al (2008); m Ortiz et al (2006); n Murata and Nakazoe (2001); o Marinho-Soriano et al (2006); pFoster and Hodgson (1998); qIndergaard and Minsaas (1991); rWong and Cheung (2000); sTasende (2000); tArasaki and Arasaki (1983); uKhotimchenko (2005); vKhotimchenko and Levchenko (1997); wMorgan et al (1980); x Mishra et al (1993); yWahbeh (1997); zIshihara et al (2000); aaKhan et al (2007); bbMacArtain et al (2007); ccRasmussen and Morrissey (2007) …”

Isolation And Identification Of Some Chemical Constituents In Two Different Types Of Fresh Water Macro Algae In Bestansur Village In Suleiman City Kurdistan Region (North Iraq) By Hplc Technique

“…( 7)Sterols are an important family of lipids, present in the majority of the cells .because of different routes of synthesis ,sterols from plants, fungi and animals show marked differences. Tasende (2000) confirmed that fatty acids and sterol of algal class, families and sometimes even species are characteristics to those particular taxa and could be useful as chemotaxonomic (8).Clinical studies have demonstrated that dietary intake of plant sterols ( as part of the normal diet ,or as a supplement ) may help reduce blood cholesterol level. (9)Vitamin E is a generic term applied to the tocopherols and tocotrienols (which show similar nutritional properties to α-tocopherol (10) ,these substances are highly stable to heat and acids ,and unstable to alkalis ,UV light and oxygen ;in addition ,they are regarded on contact with rancid fats, lead and iron (11).α-tocopherol is a liposoluble compounds that is capable of fixing free radicals via its phenol group ,and is thus considered to play an antioxidant role in biological membranes , lipoproteins and fat deposits, controlling or reducing lipid peroxidation .…”