Fatty-Acid-Binding Proteins: From Lipid Transporters to Disease Biomarkers

Abstract

Fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABPs) serve a crucial role in the metabolism and transport of fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands as an intracellular protein family. They are also recognized as a critical mediator in the inflammatory and ischemic pathways. FABPs are found in a wide range of tissues and organs, allowing them to contribute to various disease/injury developments that have not been widely discussed. We have collected and analyzed research journals that have investigated the role of FABPs in various diseases. Through this review, we discuss the findings on the potential of FABPs as biomarkers for various diseases in different tissues and organs, looking at their expression levels and their roles in related diseases according to available literature data. FABPs have been reported to show significantly increased expression levels in various tissues and organs associated with metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, FABPs are a promising novel biomarker that needs further development to optimize disease diagnosis and prognosis methods along with previously discovered markers.

Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Outcomes: Critical Mechanisms of Liver Injury Progression

“…In the healthy liver, hepatic fat transport and lipid storage occur via several integrated pathways, including a central role for fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) [186,187]. Functionally, FABPs bind free fatty acids (FFAs) with varying affinities, mechanisms, and ligand preferences [187,188].…”