Fatty-Acid composition of free-choice starter broiler diets

Abstract

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the inclusion of vegetable oils with different fatty acid content in starter and pre-starter broiler diets. In Experiment I 480 1-to 9-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were fed diets containing corn oil (CO), acid corn oil (ACO), linseed oil (LO) or coconut fat (CoF). Chicks were distributed according to a factorial 2x2x2arrangement (2 free fatty acids -FFA ) x (2 n6:n3 ratios) x (2 medium-chain fatty acids levels -AGMC). Performance responses and dry matter (DMM), crude protein (CPM), and crude fat (CFM) metabolizability were evaluated. In Experiment II, 480 1-to 20-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were offered the free choice of 2 different diets: with no fat addition, or with 10% addition of the following fat sources: CO, LO, CoF, soybean soapstock (SBS), acid soybean oil (ASO), or acid cottonseed oil (ACtO). Performance responses and diet selection were evaluated. In experiment I, there were no significant effects of the diets on performance, DMM, or CPM; however, the inclusion of FFA depressed CFM. In experiment II, there was a marked preference of birds of the diets with fat inclusion, leading to the selection of diets with more than 3100 kcal/kg ME in the period of 1 to 20 days, independently of fat source. The broilers selected the high fat and energy diets since the first days of age, which resulted in better bird performance. INTRODUCTIONThe inclusion of fats in feeds positively influences broiler performance (Vieira et al., 2002;Pucci et al., 2003), and enhances feed palatability (NRC, 1994). The composition of the fatty acids added to diets affects body fat composition in broilers (Waldroup & Waldroup, 2005), and therefore body fat growth pattern can be modified by dietary fat (Crespo & Esteve-Garcia, 2002).Birds fed diets with high saturated fatty acids from animal origin deposit relatively more mesenteric and abdominal fat as compared to other sites of the body (Crespo & Esteve-Garcia, 2002). The increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids in broiler diets causes weight gain depression and worse feed conversion ratio, as well as reductions in fat and fatty acids digestibility and energy metabolizability (Zollitsch et al., 1997;Dänicke et al., 2000). On the other hand, diets with high polyunsaturated fatty acid content promote lower body fat deposition (Crespo & Esteve-Garcia, 2002).The physiological capacity of birds during the first post-hatching days limits fat absorption (Carew et al., 1972), and the limited fat digestion seems to be caused by insufficient secretion of bile salts and lipase (Krogdahl et al., 1985). Fat digestibility in chicks is 6% lower than that of adult roosters (Freitas et al., 2005). In general, apparent fat metabolizability decreases as the proportion of dietary saturated fatty

Effect of orégano oil supplementation in diets formed using either crude soybean oil or acidulated soybean oil soapstock as source of energy on the growth performance parameters of broilers

“…The obtained results indicated that the addition of oregano oil at the level of 100 mg per kg of feed did not increase feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion rate of chickens either when the diet contained crude soybean oil or acidulated soybean oil soapstock as source of energy (Kessler et al 2009). These results also confirmed that oregano essential oil can be fed to broilers without detrimental effects on their productivity.…”

“…Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion rate of broilers are not affected when this oil is used as source of energy (Thacker et al 1994, Baião and Lara 2005, Irandoust et al 2012. Compared to soybean oil, acidulated soybean oil soapstock contains high levels of free fatty acids (50%), unsaponifiable matter and oxidized fatty acids (Bartov et al 1974, Pardio et al, 2001, Kessler et al 2009. The nature of used oils can affect the efficacy of natural antioxidants, therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of oregano oil dietary supplementation either with a diet containing acidulated soybean oil soapstock or crude soybean oil as a source of energy on broiler growth performance parameters.…”

The effect of using soyabean or linseed oil with RRR-d-α-tocopherol or dl-α-tocopherol acetate on haematological parameters and rearing performance of young turkey hens

“…The improvement in production performance may also be affected by the ratios of C18:2 (LA; ω-6) and C18:3 (LNA; ω-3) fatty acids in the oils, which -as reported by Hassan et al, (2011) -are 1:4 in linseed oil and 9:1 in soya bean oil. The effects of using various fat sources (soyabean oil, rapeseed oil, a mixture of vegetable oils) in poultry feeding were also discussed by a,b,c means with different superscripts within a row differ significantly at P ≤ 0.05; ns -not significant; *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01 .69 * * ** A,B,C, a,b,c values in the same rows with different letters differ significantly at P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.05 respectively; ns: not significant (P ≤ 0.05); *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01 A,B,C, a,b,c values in the same rows with different letters differ significantly at P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.05 respectively; ns: not significant (P ≤ 0.05); *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01 Zollitsch et al (1997) and Kessler et al (2009). According to Jankowski et al (2012), linseed oil used as an alternative to rapeseed oil increases the final body weight in turkeys.…”

Evaluation of Using Some Untraditional Energy Sources in Broiler Chicken Diets on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Economic Efficiency: 2- Scrape Crude Corn Oil

“…In the same order, Sadeghi et al (2012) in broiler and Hamady, (2012) in Japanese quail, who found no significant effect (P > 0.05) on body weight, daily gain and feed conversion due to feeding corn oil compared with either fish oil or soybean oil, respectively. Similarly, in a series of experiments conducted on male Ross broilers, Kessler et al (2009) found no effect on weight gain and feed conversion when used corn oil (CO), acid corn oil (ACO), linseed oil (LO) or coconut fat (CoF) in starter diets from one to nine day old in an experiment, and when used corn oil (CO), linseed oil (LO), coconut fat (CoF), soybean soapstock (SBS), acid soybean oil (ASO), or acid cottonseed oil (ACtO) in another experiment from 1 to 20 day old.…”