Fatty-acid composition of the colostrum and serum of fullterm and preterm delivering Iraqi mothers

Al-Tamer, Y. Y.; Mahmood, AA

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601939

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These vegetable oils, such as sunflower oil, contain very high concentrations of n -6 fatty acids, which would explain why the total n -6 FA did not differ between the groups. High AA concentration in BM has previously been reported in colostrum [21] and from Iran and Iraq, and reflects the high consumption of red meat [20,23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Docosahexaenoic Acid in Breast Milk Reflects Maternal Fish Intake in Iranian Mothers

Olang¹,

Hajifaraji²,

Ali³

et al. 2012

FNS

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To estimate essential fatty acid (FA) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) concentrations in early breast milk (BM) in relation to habitual fish intake. BM was collected within 72-hours after delivery from consecutively included mothers, 60 in Guilan (coastal) and 60 in Kermanshah (inland) provinces. Mothers were interviewed to com-plete a food frequency questionnaire. The FA composition was measured with gas chromatography. Mothers in the coastal area had higher intake of fish/seafood. Consumption of saturated fat was higher in Kermanshah and olive intake was higher in Guilan. High fish/seafood intake was associated with higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lower arachidonic acid (AA)/DHA ratio in BM. There were no differences in linoleic and α-linolenic acid concentrations in BM between the provinces. N-3 FA and DHA concentration were significantly higher in Guilan than Kermanshah, but total n-6 FAs and AA did not differ and were high in both provinces. The ratios of total n-6/n-3 and AA/DHA in BM of mothers from Guilan were significantly lower than those in Kermanshah. The LCPUFA status in BM in two Iranian provinces was generally good and DHA was higher and the AA/DHA was significantly lower in mothers with high fish intake

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Docosahexaenoic Acid in Breast Milk Reflects Maternal Fish Intake in Iranian Mothers

Olang¹,

Hajifaraji²,

Ali³

et al. 2012

FNS

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“…(Araya et al [32]) also found differences in maternal erythrocyte (RBC) ARA content in term and preterm delivering mothers and hypothesized that high content of maternal RBC ARA and ARA/DHA ratio may be considered as an early signal of preterm delivery. Similar observations are reported in Brazilian [33] and Iraqi mothers [34] who delivered preterm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Maternal diet, LCPUFA status and prematurity in Indian mothers: A cross-sectional study

Ranade

Rao

2012

FFHD

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Background:Recently, certain long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) have been shown to exert functional benefits with regards to gestational length. The present study examined the association of maternal LCPUFA intake, specifically Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Arachidonic acid (ARA), and plasma status at delivery with duration of gestation and risk of premature delivery in Indian mothers. Methods:In a cross-sectional nested case-control study, 191 mother-baby pairs [164 Full term (FT) and 27 Preterm (PT)] were examined for differences in maternal habitual diet pattern and plasma fatty acid composition in relation to the length of gestation. Results:The frequency of intake of n-3 fatty acid rich varieties of fish was higher (p<0.05) in FT mothers compared to PT mothers. Maternal plasma fatty acid concentration of n-3 Alpha Linolenic acid (ALA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA and total n-3 fatty acids at delivery was significantly associated with intake of vegetarian ALA sources such as millets, dark whole pulses, dry fruits like walnuts, and green leafy vegetables. Among age, parity, and neonatal sex matched case-control pairs, PT mothers had significantly (p<0.01) higher levels of n-6 ARA, but lower (p<0.01) levels of n-3 DHA and total n-3 fatty acids compared to FT mothers irrespective of socioeconomic group. In fact, mothers with plasma DHA levels below median (<3.0%) had ten times higher risk (OR-10.47; 95% CI: 3.03-36.48) of delivering prematurely compared to those who had plasma DHA levels above median. Conclusion:Results underscore the importance of consuming varied sources of ALA and DHA for their role as functional lipids in determining gestational length.

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“…These LCPUFAs are found abundantly in the brain, the retina and the nervous tissue (Koletzko and Decsi, 1997;Al-Tamer and Mahmood, 2004). Evidence suggests that infants are unable to meet the EFAs requirements without being preformed in the diet (Innis, 1991;Morgan et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of Iraqi mothers' socioeconomic status on their milk-lipid content

Al-Tamer

Mahmood

2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To investigate the lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition, especially n 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n 3 LCPUFAs) of mature breast-milk of Iraqi mothers and their relation to the socioeconomic status of the mothers. Design: A collection of mature breast-milk of mothers with three different socioeconomic status (lactation period 571 month). Setting: Mosul province (in the north of Iraq). Subjects: Mature breast-milk samples were obtained from a group of 20-to 35-year-old mothers with different socioeconomic status: high urban (HU, n ¼ 25), low urban (LU, n ¼ 15) and typical suburban (SU, n ¼ 25). Procedure: Mature-milk samples were collected from each lactating mother. The lipid components of each sample, namely triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (C) and phospholipids (PLs) were determined enzymatically. After their separation and esterification, FAs were determined as FA methyl esters by capillary gas chromatography. Results: The percentages of n 3 LCPUFAs were 0.4870.025, 0.3770.029 and 0.3870.018% for HU, LU and SU mothers, respectively. The amount of TGs, the major component of milk lipid, was 5.6470.24, 5.2171.61 and 3.2170.92 g/100 ml for HU, SU and LU mothers, respectively. The milk-lipid content varied with the socioeconomic status. Conclusion: The socioeconomic status of lactating mothers affected the lipid content and FA composition, especially the level of n 3 LCPUFAs (the very important structural constituents of the retina, brain and other nervous tissues). Mature breast-milk for the studied groups was low in n 3 LCPUFAs compared with that of mothers from developed countries and that recommended by WHO for optimum infant nutrition. Sponsorship: Supported by grants from Department of Chemistry, University of Mosul. The analysis of FA methyl ester samples was performed at the National

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Fatty-acid composition of the colostrum and serum of fullterm and preterm delivering Iraqi mothers

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Docosahexaenoic Acid in Breast Milk Reflects Maternal Fish Intake in Iranian Mothers

Docosahexaenoic Acid in Breast Milk Reflects Maternal Fish Intake in Iranian Mothers

Maternal diet, LCPUFA status and prematurity in Indian mothers: A cross-sectional study

The influence of Iraqi mothers' socioeconomic status on their milk-lipid content

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