Fatty acid profile of human saliva: a possible indicator of dietary fat intake

Actis, Adriana Beatriz; Perovic, Nilda Raquel; Defagó, María Daniela; Beccacece, Cecilia; Eynard, Aldo R.

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.08.001

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our results on the percentage of TFA concur with those from previous studies 18, 21 , showing the highest abundance for 18:1. Other studies found that the most abundant fatty acids were either 16:0 20 or 18:0 19 . However, there is agreement that the 4 most abundant fatty acids in saliva are 16:0; 18:0; 18:1 and 18:2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The basal free fatty acid concentration in human saliva is related to salivary lipolytic activity

Neyraud

Cabaret

Brignot

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Fat perception during eating is a complex sensation that involves various sensory modalities, such as texture, aroma and taste. Taste is supported by the discovery of fatty acid receptors in the tongue papillae. Dietary fat is mainly composed of esterified fatty acids, whereas only free fatty acids can bind to taste receptors. Some authors have mentioned the necessity and efficiency of salivary lipolytic activity to hydrolyse the esterified fatty acids present in foods and enable fat perception. Our hypothesis is that salivary lipolytic activity is also involved in regulating the basal level of salivary fatty acids in humans. To test this hypothesis, total fatty acid (TFA) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and selected salivary characteristics (such as lipolytic activity) were analysed in the resting saliva of 54 subjects. The results show differences in the TFA and FFA profiles, with TFA and FFA concentrations of 8.99 and 3.56 µg/mL of saliva, respectively. Interestingly, lipolytic activity had a significant positive correlation with FFA concentration (0.51, p < 0.01). This result highlights a possible physiological role of salivary lipolytic activity in the regulation of the basal FFA concentration. This regulation could be involved in fat taste sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The basal free fatty acid concentration in human saliva is related to salivary lipolytic activity

Neyraud

Cabaret

Brignot

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…In this regard, saliva has a concentration of IgA about ten times lower than serum [14], thus requiring a more sensitive assay; in addition, we often obtained high current values analyzing negative saliva samples (unpublished results), probably due to non-specific adsorption phenomena. Saliva contains, in fact, high concentrations of different glycoproteins [19,20], such as mucins or salivary agglutinins (SAG), that increase the viscosity of samples and bind other proteins. Ligtenenberg et al [21] demonstrated that SAG can bind IgA, IgG, and albumin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An electrochemical immunoassay for the screening of celiac disease in saliva samples

et al. 2015

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A highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for the initial diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) in saliva samples that overcomes the problems related to its high viscosity and to the low concentration of anti-transglutaminase antigen (tTG) IgA in this medium has been developed for the first time. The system uses magnetic beads (MBs) covered with tTG, which reacts with the anti-tTG IgA antibodies present in positive saliva samples. An anti-human IgA, conjugated with alkaline phosphate (AP) enzyme, was used as the label and a strip of eight magnetized screen-printed electrodes as the electrochemical transducer. In particular, two different immunoassay approaches were optimized and blindly compared to analyze a large number of saliva samples, whose anti-tTG IgA levels were independently determined by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The obtained results, expressed as Ab index, were used to perform a diagnostic test evaluation through the construction of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The approach, involving a pre-incubation between the anti-human IgA-AP and saliva samples prior to the addition of MBs-tTG, showed a cutoff of 0.022 with 95% clinical sensitivity and 96% clinical specificity. The area under the ROC curve is equal to 1, a result that classifies our test as "perfect." This study demonstrates that it is possible to perform the screening of CD with a rapid, simple, inexpensive, and sensitive method able to detect anti-tTG antibodies in saliva samples, which are easily obtained by non-invasive techniques. This aspect is of fundamental importance to screen a large number of subjects, especially in the pediatric age.

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“…An objective analytical method should help to accurately assess dietary intake. The salivary fatty acid composition reflects the fatty acid composition of the diet in primates and humans (Alam and Alam, 1982; Actis et al, 2005) and thus analysis of salivary NEFA may provide an objective and non-invasive method for dietary fat intake assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies on salivary lipids have analyzed the total quantity of salivary NEFA and fatty acid composition of other salivary lipids such as triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, monoacylgycerols, and phospholipids in which fatty acids are present in esterified forms (Mandel and Eisenstein, 1969; Rabinowitz and Shannon, 1975; Slomiany et al, 1980, 1982a,b, 1983; Larsson et al, 1996; Actis et al, 2005; Tomita et al, 2008). However, there has been no study of the composition and concentrations of salivary fatty acids that are in the non-esterified form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of human salivary NEFA with gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry

Kulkarni¹,

Wood²,

Mattes³

2012

Front. Physio.

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Salivary non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are proposed to play a role in oral health, oral fat detection, and they may hold diagnostic and prognostic potential. Yet, little is known about the array and concentrations of NEFA in saliva. The aim of the study was to conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses of salivary NEFA in healthy humans and to present a new, efficient protocol to perform such analyses. Resting saliva samples from fifteen participants were collected. The salivary lipids were extracted using a modified Folch extraction. The NEFA in the extracted lipids were selectively subjected to pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFB) derivatization and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 16 NEFA were identified in resting saliva. The four major NEFA were palmitic, linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids. Their concentrations ranged from 2 to 9 μM. This is the first study to characterize individual human salivary NEFA and their respective concentrations. The method used in the study is sensitive, precise, and accurate. It is specific to fatty acids in non-esterified form and hence enables analysis of NEFA without their separation from other lipid classes. Thus, it saves time, reagents and prevents loss of sample. These properties make it suitable for large scale analysis of salivary NEFA.

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Fatty acid profile of human saliva: a possible indicator of dietary fat intake

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

The basal free fatty acid concentration in human saliva is related to salivary lipolytic activity

The basal free fatty acid concentration in human saliva is related to salivary lipolytic activity

An electrochemical immunoassay for the screening of celiac disease in saliva samples

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of human salivary NEFA with gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry

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