Fatty Acid Profiles in Demented Patients: Identification of Hexacosanoic Acid (C26:0) as a Blood Lipid Biomarker of Dementia

Abstract

The variations of fatty acid levels and the accumulation of C26:0 in the plasma and RBCs highlight an alteration of fatty acid metabolism in demented patients and point toward possible peroxisomal dysfunction. It is suggested that C26:0 may constitute a convenient blood biomarker of dementia that could be useful in routine medical practice.

Hyper-Elongation in Colorectal Cancer Tissue – Cerotic Acid is a Potential Novel Serum Metabolic Marker of Colorectal Malignancies

“…A link between elevated concentration of cerotic acid and increased risk for metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular disorders has been postulated as well [26, 27]. Recently, cerotic acid was identified as a blood lipid biomarker of dementia [28]. Nevertheless, none of the previous studies documented an association between the presence of this FA and carcinogenesis.…”

Impact of C24:0 on actin-microtubule interaction in human neuronal SK-N-BE cells: evaluation by FRET confocal spectral imaging microscopy after dual staining with rhodamine-phalloidin and tubulin tracker green

“…Moreover, available spectral imaging processing (FAMIS) provides visualization of this colocalization (Kahn et al, 1999). Although accumulations of C24:0 are observed in various neurodegenerative diseases, including peroxisomopathies (Trompier et al, 2014) and, in particular, AD (Kou et al, 2011;Zarrouk, 2013;Zarrouk et al, 2015), the impact of this fatty acid on neural cells is still not well known. Indeed, only a few investigations on the side effects of VLCFAs are available (Singh and Pujol, 2010;Wanders et al, 2010).…”

“…Different types of microfilaments are distinguished: type I and II (acidic and basic keratin proteins); type III (desmin, GFAP, peripherin, vimentin); type IV (α-internexin, neurofilaments, synemin, syncoilin); type V (lamins); type VI (nexin). We focused on the activity of C24:0 for the following reasons: it is found at higher concentrations than C22:0 and C26:0 in the plasma and tissues of patients with peroxisomopathies (Kemp et al, 2011;Baarine et al, 2012), and it has also been detected at increased levels in the plasma and cortex of patients with AD (Kou et al, 2011;Zarrouk, 2013;Zarrouk et al, 2015). Whereas this fatty acid is known to have pronounced side effects, contributing to cell death of various neural cells (Hein et al, 2008;Baarine et al, 2012;Zarrouk et al, 2012), its effects on the cytoskeleton are still unknown.…”

Blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease: an overview on proteomic and lipidomic approaches

“…Zarrouk and colleagues (38) found significant alterations of fatty acid levels in patients with AD and a significant accumulation of hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) in plasma.…”