Fatty acid saturation of the diet and plasma lipid concentrations, lipoprotein particle concentrations, and cholesterol efflux capacity

Abstract

Background:The fatty acid content and saturation degree of the diet can modulate HDL composition and cholesterol efflux. Objective: We studied the modifications in plasma lipoprotein particles and serum capacity to stimulate cholesterol efflux induced by different fatty acids. Design: Seventeen women and 24 men followed in the same sequence 4 diets containing 35% of total energy as fat. The saturated fat diet contained 17% palm oil; the monounsaturated fat diet, 20.9% olive oil; the nϪ6 polyunsaturated fat diet, 12.5% sunflower oil; and the nϪ3 polyunsaturated fat diet, sunflower oil supplemented with 4-4.5 g fish oil/d. Each phase lasted 4-5 wk. Results: In both sexes, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I concentrations were significantly lower with unsaturated fat diets than with the saturated fat diet, but concentrations of lipoproteins containing only apo A-I (Lp A-I) were lower only in the men. Concentrations of lipoproteins containing both apo A-I and apo A-II (Lp A-I:A-II) were lower with both polyunsaturated fat diets in the women but significantly higher in the men. Lp E concentrations were significantly higher with the 2 polyunsaturated fat diets. Lp E non-B particle concentrations were not modified in the men but were significantly higher in the women in both polyunsaturated fat phases. Lp C-III concentrations were higher with the saturated fat diet only in the men. The serum samples taken after the nϪ3 polyunsaturated fat phase were the most efficient for extracting cellular cholesterol in both sexes. Conclusions: The monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat diets were healthier, producing a better lipid profile. The nϪ3 polyunsaturated fat diet increased the capacity of serum to promote the efflux of cholesterol from cells in culture.Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:484-91. KEY WORDSDiet, fatty acid, lipid, lipoprotein particle, cholesterol efflux, reverse cholesterol transport, HDL, LDL, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat INTRODUCTIONThe incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main cause of death and morbidity in developed countries (1), is closely related to diet, mainly to fat composition. The type of fat in the diet can modify the lipid profile, which is directly related to the growth of atheroma plaque (2, 3). In Spain, the mortality rate due to this disease is relatively low compared with that in other developed countries (4,5). This finding could be explained by 2 facts: the Spanish diet is rich in vegetables, fruit, fish, and oils containing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), a regimen considered favorable for cardiovascular health (6), and Spaniards have elevated plasma concentrations of HDL (7).However, in the dietetic studies performed until now, the results regarding changes in HDL with the administration of monounsaturated fats are controversial (2,8,9). Several epidemiologic studies showed an inverse correlation between serum concentrations of HDL cholesterol and the risk of CVD (10). This favorable role of HDL is mainly due to its participation in metabolic reverse cho...

Replacement of dietary saturated FAs by PUFAs in diet and reverse cholesterol transport

“…However, the same group (28) did not find any difference in RTC from macrophages after a linoleic acid-rich diet and another diet enriched in oleic acid using HDL3 as acceptors. Similar to our findings, Montoya et al (24) did not find any effect of a diet enriched with n-6 PUFA on CHE, but did find a positive effect of an n-3 PUFA-rich diet on CHE only. It is important to note that a different cell model, rat hepatoma cells, was used in this study.…”

“…As expected, the consumption of a PUFA diet resulted in a substantially lower concentration of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C, similar to the results of other studies (24)(25)(26). The differences in apoB and apoA-I did not reach statistical significance.…”

“…The replacement of a saturated fat diet with a polyunsaturated fat diet and a decrease of alimentary cholesterol intake is an integral part of dietary therapy for hyperlipoproteinemias, but the decrease in LDL is accompanied by a negative change in atheroprotective HDL-C (24)(25)(26). The purpose of this study was to induce these changes and to measure coincident changes in CHE.…”

Dietary intake of energy and selected nutrients and plasma lipid profile in young women and men with different levels of physical activity

“…However, such a relationship was not observed among men. Similarly, Montoya [29] noted that in a group of people who for 4-5 weeks consumed a diet rich in saturated fats, the concentrations of TG, TC, and LDL-C in plasma increased in comparison with people who had a diet rich in monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats for the same period, though the percentage of energy from fat in both types of diets was the same. High intake of cholesterol, usually associated with a diet containing an excess of saturated fats, and high intake of trans unsaturated fatty acids isomers adversely affect lipid profile equally [3,23].…”

Stem bark extracts of Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec: Inhibition of pancreatic lipase and antioxidant activity

“…A possible imbalance between consumption of high calorie diet and lipids, body weight and lipoproteins in the body (Sharma et al, 2005;Nguyen et al, 2012) can influence the susceptibility of the organism to disorders and changes in lipid metabolism, increasing reserves fat (Montoya et al, 2002;Coelho et al, 2011), with subsequent accumulation of adipose tissue and abdominal fat, causing weight gain (Daniels, 2006;Barbieri, 2012).…”