Fatty acid ω-hydroxylases from Solanum tuberosum

Abstract

Potato StCYP86A33 complements the Arabidopsis AtCYP86A1 mutant, horst - 1. Suberin is a cell-wall polymer that comprises both phenolic and aliphatic components found in specialized plant cells. Aliphatic suberin is characterized by bi-functional fatty acids, typically ω-hydroxy fatty acids and α,ω-dioic acids, which are linked via glycerol to form a three-dimensional polymer network. In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), over 65 % of aliphatics are either ω-hydroxy fatty acids or α,ω-dioic acids. Since the biosynthesis of α,ω-dioic acids proceeds sequentially through ω-hydroxy fatty acids, the formation of ω-hydroxy fatty acids represents a significant metabolic commitment during suberin deposition. Four different plant cytochrome P450 subfamilies catalyze ω-hydroxylation, namely, 86A, 86B, 94A, and 704B; though to date, only a few members have been functionally characterized. In potato, CYP86A33 has been identified and implicated in suberin biosynthesis through reverse genetics (RNAi); however, attempts to express the CYP86A33 protein and characterize its catalytic function have been unsuccessful. Herein, we describe eight fatty acid ω-hydroxylase genes (three CYP86As, one CYP86B, three CYP94As, and a CYP704B) from potato and demonstrate their tissue expression. We also complement the Arabidopsis cyp86A1 mutant horst-1 using StCYP86A33 under the control of the Arabidopsis AtCYP86A1 promoter. Furthermore, we provide preliminary analysis of the StCYP86A33 promoter using a hairy root transformation system to monitor pStCYP86A33::GUS expression constructs. These data confirm the functional role of StCYP86A33 as a fatty acid ω-hydroxylase, and demonstrate the utility of hairy roots in the study of root-specific genes.

Differential induction of polar and non‐polar metabolism during wound‐induced suberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers

“…The sequencing of the potato genome (Xu et al ., ) has opened the door to discovery of putative regulatory elements of known suberin biosynthesis genes, providing clues to potential mechanisms that govern their expression. For example, we recently demonstrated that the 1.7‐kb region upstream of the StCYP86A33 open reading frame contains over 40 ABA‐response or ABA‐response‐like motifs, supporting a role for ABA in the regulation of this important aliphatic suberin biosynthesis gene (Bjelica et al ., ). While the general involvement of ABA in suberin deposition in potato tubers in response to wounding has already been demonstrated (Soliday et al ., ; Cottle and Kolattukudy, ; Lulai et al ., ; Kumar et al ., ), whether both phenolic and aliphatic metabolisms are affected by this plant hormone remains unclear.…”

Uniqueness of Entamoeba sulfur metabolism: sulfolipid metabolism that plays pleiotropic roles in the parasitic life cycle

“…SFs that can hydrolyze sulfate esters have crucial roles in a broad range of organisms. They are classified into three mechanistically and structurally distinct groups: the alkylsulfatases from the α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase family, the Zn‐dependent alkylsulfatases, and the formylglycine‐dependent sulfatases (Diez‐Roux and Ballabio, ; Toesch et al ., ; Bjelica et al ., ). In the E .…”

“…SFs that can hydrolyze sulfate esters have crucial roles in a broad range of organisms. They are classified into three mechanistically and structurally distinct groups: the alkylsulfatases from the a-ketoglutaratedependent dioxygenase family, the Zn-dependent alkylsulfatases, and the formylglycine-dependent sulfatases (Diez-Roux and Ballabio, 2005;Toesch et al, 2014;Bjelica et al, 2016). In the E. histolytica genome, five putative SFs are encoded (Supporting Information Figs S4 and S5A, Table S1), and their amino acid sequences show significant identity with those of the Zn-dependent alkylsulfatases (32.0-40.1%).…”

“…As well as anabolism, catabolism is also crucial in sulfur metabolism. Sulfatases (SFs), which can degrade a variety of sulfated molecules, are among the best characterized catabolic enzymes (Hall et al ., ; Hagelueken et al ., ; Toesch et al ., ; Bjelica et al ., ). In the E .…”

“…As well as anabolism, catabolism is also crucial in sulfur metabolism. Sulfatases (SFs), which can degrade a variety of sulfated molecules, are among the best characterized catabolic enzymes (Hall et al, 2005;Hagelueken et al, 2006;Toesch et al, 2014;Bjelica et al, 2016). In the E. histolytica genome there are five genes that encode putative SFs (AmoebaDB, http://amoebadb.org/ amoeba/).…”