Fatty Acids in the Pellicles and Plastids of Light-grown and Dark-grown Cells of Euglena gracilis<sup>*</sup>

Rosenberg, Abraham; Pecker, Marc; Moschides, Elly

doi:10.1021/bi00880a010

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The assumption that temperature-induced membrane changes above 0 C would not be expected in polyunsaturated chloroplast membranes appears to be negated by a subsequent report (9) of temperature effects in Euglena resembling those found in Anacystis. As much as 60% of the chloroplast's lamellar fatty acids of Euglena are polyunsaturated (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-induced Changes in Hill Activity of Chloroplasts Isolated from Chilling-sensitive and Chilling-resistant Plants

Nolan

Smillie²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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The effect of temperature on Hill activity has been compared in chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistant plants. The Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) for the photorednction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol by chloroplasts isolated from two chilling-sensitive plants, mung bean (Vigna radiata L. var. Mungo) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. PX 616), increased at low temperatures, below 17 C for mung bean and below 11 C for maize. However, the Ea for this reaction in pea ( (6, throughout 13). It has been reported that a fundamental difference in the response to these low temperatures exists between mitochondrial and other cellular membranes of chilling-sensitive plants and membranes of plants which are resistant to chilling temperatures (7,13,14). The Ea' of membrane-bound respiratory enzymes in mitochondria of chilling-sensitive plants increased below a critical chilling temperature, typically between 10 C to 15 C (7), and this change was correlated with a temperature-induced change in the molecular ordering of the mitochondrial lipids as detected with the aid of spin-labeled compounds (16). The membrane lipids of chloroplasts from chilling-sensitive plants also exhibited similar changes below the chilling temperature (14,15) and there was an increase in Ea for photoreduction of NADP+ although not of other Hill oxidants (18). Neither mitochondria nor chloroplasts isolated from chilling-resistant plants showed any of the temperature-dependent changes in membrane properties at temperatures close to or within the chilling-temperature range (7,13).Recently, we have investigated the effect of temperature on the Hill activity of chloroplasts isolated from barley (12). Although barley is a chilling-resistant plant, the Ea for photoreduc-I Abbreviations: DCIP: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol; Ea: Arrhenius activation energy. tion of either DCIP or ferricyanide increased at temperatures below 9 C. The change was reversible and additional changes in Ea took place at 20 and 29 C. Thus, there were at least four different values of Ea as the temperature was varied within the physiological temperature range for growth of barley. The alterations in Ea of Hill activity by the temperature became apparent only when a rate-limiting reaction in coupled barley chloroplasts was circumvented by the addition of uncouplers or by other means.Since the studies with barley indicated that changes in membrane properties and function induced by low temperatures were, at least for chloroplasts, not confined to chilling-sensitive plants, the effect of temperature on Hill activity was compared in two chilling-sensitive plants, mung bean and maize, and another chilling-resistant plant, pea. Chloroplasts isolated from all of these plants showed a distinct increase in the Ea for Hill activity at low temperatures, as well as another change in Ea at temperatures above 25 C. These results, together with those previously obtained with barley (12), showed that the Ea for Hill activity was not constant as the temperature was varied throughout the physiologi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-induced Changes in Hill Activity of Chloroplasts Isolated from Chilling-sensitive and Chilling-resistant Plants

Nolan

Smillie²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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“…Differences in the illumination regime during growth of E. gracilis can cause changes in both the chain length (Rosenberg, 1963;Rosenberg & Pecker, 1964;Rosenberg et al, 1965) and the degree of unsaturation (Hulanicka et al, 1964;Rosenberg & Gouaux, 1967;Pohl, 1973) of fatty acids. Inui et al (1982) demonstrated a direct correlation between anaerobiosis and concomitant wax ester synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Growth Temperature on Wax Ester Content and Composition of Euglena gracilis

Kawabata¹,

Kaneyama²

1989

Microbiology

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~ ~A streptomycin-bleached mutant of Euglena gracilis strain Z, a non-photosynthetic mutant, was grown aerobically in the dark at 33, 26 and 15 "C respectively. The content of wax esters was greater at higher growth temperatures, whereas the content of paramylon was greater at lower temperatures. The highest temperature (33 "C) caused the greatest accumulation of wax esters. Wax esters synthesized at the highest temperature had carbon chain lengths of C24-32 and the predominant chain lengths were C27 and C28. The constituent fatty acids and alcohols ranged from C11 to C18 with myristic acid and myristyl alcohol being the main components. At the lowest temperature (1 5 "C) the mean chain length of wax esters decreased. The most abundant wax ester was C26, and the most abundant fatty acids and fatty alcohols of wax esters were C13.A considerable amount (44-48 % of the total) of odd-carbon-numbered wax esters were present. 0001-4910 0 1989 SGM

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“…Data on the fatty acids of microorganisms capable of both autotrophic and heterotrophic growth has come mainly from photosynthetic organisms that are able to grow in the dark at the expense of organic compounds. (18,23,(27)(28)(29)37).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Cultural Conditions on the Fatty Acid Composition of Thiobacillus novellus

Levin

1972

J Bacteriol

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The fatty acid content of Thiobacillus novellus was determined under various cultural conditions. Four fatty acids, C:e0, C 18: o C 18: , and a C cyclopropane acid (C19:cyc), generally accounted for 90 to 99% of the total acids. Phosphate concentration, temperature, culture agitation, and the presence of branch-chain precursors had no significant effect on cellular fatty acids. Autotrophically grown cells contained more saturated C,, and C18 acids than did heterotrophic ones, and the sum of the percentages of the C 181 and the C i9 cyc acids was consistently higher in the heterotrophs. When the inorganic medium was supplemented with biotin, autotrophic cells produced more C,9:yC and

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Fatty Acids in the Pellicles and Plastids of Light-grown and Dark-grown Cells of Euglena gracilis^*

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Temperature-induced Changes in Hill Activity of Chloroplasts Isolated from Chilling-sensitive and Chilling-resistant Plants

Temperature-induced Changes in Hill Activity of Chloroplasts Isolated from Chilling-sensitive and Chilling-resistant Plants

The Effect of Growth Temperature on Wax Ester Content and Composition of Euglena gracilis

Effect of Cultural Conditions on the Fatty Acid Composition of Thiobacillus novellus

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Fatty Acids in the Pellicles and Plastids of Light-grown and Dark-grown Cells of Euglena gracilis*

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Temperature-induced Changes in Hill Activity of Chloroplasts Isolated from Chilling-sensitive and Chilling-resistant Plants

Temperature-induced Changes in Hill Activity of Chloroplasts Isolated from Chilling-sensitive and Chilling-resistant Plants

The Effect of Growth Temperature on Wax Ester Content and Composition of Euglena gracilis

Effect of Cultural Conditions on the Fatty Acid Composition of Thiobacillus novellus

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Fatty Acids in the Pellicles and Plastids of Light-grown and Dark-grown Cells of Euglena gracilis^*