Fault Activation During Hydraulic Fracturing

Maxwell, Shawn; Jones, Mike I; Parker, Richard; Leaney, Scott; Mack, M.; Dorvall, D.; D’Amico, David; Logel, John D.; Anderson, E.; Hammermaster, K.

doi:10.3997/2214-4609.201400770

Cited by 18 publications

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“…This extent of the fault clearly indicates that the fault rupture activity produced during the operation occurred below the formation where the fracturing is supposed to remain confined to. Typical injection-related seismicity has b-values closer to 2.0 (Maxwell et al, 2009) for populations of new fractures being generated and b-values closer to 1.0 for opening of pre-existing fractures. The b-value of all the detected events is close to 1.0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To extract oil and gas in tight shale formations, hydraulic fracturing is used to stimulate fracture growth and increase permeability. Typically, low (−3:0 to 0.0 M w ) magnitude earthquakes are produced during hydraulic fracturing (Maxwell et al, 2002(Maxwell et al, , 2009. In a few cases, however, hydraulic fracturing has been linked to widely observed larger, so-called positive magnitude, earthquakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of an Earthquake Sequence Triggered by Hydraulic Fracturing in Harrison County, Ohio

Friberg¹,

Besana-Ostman

Dricker³

2014

Seismological Research Letters

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Earthquake Sequence Triggered by Hydraulic Fracturing in Harrison County, Ohio

Friberg¹,

Besana-Ostman

Dricker³

2014

Seismological Research Letters

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“…Both clusters A and B have a similar overall b value with 0.94 and 0.82, respectively (Figure ). The overall cluster b value is comparable to what is often observed for average tectonic events and points to reactivation of preexisting fractures rather than creation of new fractures [ Maxwell et al ., ]. The magnitude of completeness, M C , has been determined with the maximum curvature method [ Woessner and Wiemer , ].…”

Section: B Value Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of induced seismicity patterns derived from internal structure in event clusters

et al. 2017

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microseismicity induced by CO2 injection at Decatur, Illinois, occurs in distinct clusters and shows no obvious correlation with the proceeding pressure front. We analyze some of these clusters in more depth by using a waveform cross‐correlation approach. With this approach we can associate about 1400 events from two clusters, with moment magnitudes between 1.1 and −1.7, with specific formations of much smaller vertical dimensions (tens of meters) than the depth resolution of traveltime‐based event locations. The differentiation of reservoir and basement events, and the definition of subclusters by waveform correlation, rather than by location, helps to better analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the events within a cluster. In the Decatur case, this is characterized by event migration from the reservoir into the adjacent basement. The spatial variation of Brune stress drop and Gutenberg b value exhibits signs of a fluid‐driven triggering mechanism at the cluster level, revealing a punctual hydraulic connection between reservoir and basement, most likely associated with basement faults cutting into the reservoir. The observed clustering of microseismicity can thus be explained by the lateral heterogeneity of permeability and crustal strength and is overall consistent with a pressure‐induced triggering mechanism. Hence, proper long‐term risk mitigation for large‐scale fluid injection close to the basement requires prior mapping of small subseismic basement‐connected faults.

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“…Eisner et al, 2010c;Rutledge et al, 2004), which provides a more complete understanding of the fracturing event, including the orientation of the fracturing plane, and stress conditions at the time of fracturing. Statistical analysis of event magnitude distributions can be used to reveal fault reactivation and other geomechanical attributes of the reservoir (Grob and van der Baan, 2011;Maxwell et al, 2010b). Additionally, by measuring the birefringence of recorded S-waves, it is possible to infer the intensity and orientation of any fracture sets along the raypath between source and receiver .…”

Section: Survey Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring carbon dioxide storage using passive seismic techniques

Verdon¹,

Kendall²,

White³

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy

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Carbon dioxide stored in geological reservoirs to reduce anthropogenic emissions must be monitored to ensure that no leakage is occurring. One leakage risk is that injection-induced pressure increases may generate fractures in the caprock, providing a pathway for buoyant carbon dioxide to penetrate the reservoir seal. Geophones can be deployed to detect fracturing events. The rates and magnitudes of seismicity, and their hypocentres, can be used to

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Fault Activation During Hydraulic Fracturing

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of an Earthquake Sequence Triggered by Hydraulic Fracturing in Harrison County, Ohio

Characterization of an Earthquake Sequence Triggered by Hydraulic Fracturing in Harrison County, Ohio

Characterization of induced seismicity patterns derived from internal structure in event clusters

Monitoring carbon dioxide storage using passive seismic techniques

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