Fault Adaptive Routing in Metasurface Controller Networks

Saeed, Taqwa; Skitsas, Constantinos; Kouzapas, Dimitrios; Lestas, Marios; Soteriou, Vassos; Philippou, Anna; Abadal, Sergi; Liaskos, Christos; Petrou, Loukas; Georgiou, Julius; Pitsillides, Andreas

doi:10.1109/nocarc.2018.8541148

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…6, and enables the integration of the reconfigurable meta-surfaces into the software-defined networking paradigm [6], [90]. Protocols to enable the exchange of data within the reconfigurable meta-surfaces with stringent energy, latency, and robustness are available as well [91]- [95]. In these papers, it is proved, in particular, that wireless technologies in the millimeter and tera-hertz bands are suitable to realize nano-networking protocols for enabling the transmission of data within the meta-surface.…”

Section: Current Research Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

Smart radio environments empowered by reconfigurable AI meta-surfaces: an idea whose time has come

Renzo

Debbah

Phan-Huy

et al. 2019

J Wireless Com Network

1,501

631

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Future wireless networks are expected to constitute a distributed intelligent wireless communications, sensing, and computing platform, which will have the challenging requirement of interconnecting the physical and digital worlds in a seamless and sustainable manner. Currently, two main factors prevent wireless network operators from building such networks: 1) the lack of control of the wireless environment, whose impact on the radio waves cannot be customized, and 2) the current operation of wireless radios, which consume a lot of power because new signals are generated whenever data has to be transmitted. In this paper, we challenge the usual "more data needs more power and emission of radio waves" status quo, and motivate that future wireless networks necessitate a smart radio environment: A transformative wireless concept, where the environmental objects are coated with artificial thin films of electromagnetic and reconfigurable material (that are referred to as intelligent reconfigurable meta-surfaces), which are capable of sensing the environment and of applying customized transformations to the radio waves. Smart radio environments have the potential to provide future wireless networks with uninterrupted wireless connectivity, and with the capability of transmitting data without generating new signals but recycling existing radio waves. We will discuss, in particular, two major types of intelligent reconfigurable meta-surfaces applied to wireless networks. The first type of meta-surfaces will be embedded into, e.g., walls, and will be directly controlled by the wireless network operators via a software controller in order to shape the radio waves for, e.g., improving the network coverage. The second type of meta-surfaces will be embedded into objects, e.g., smart t-shirts with sensors for health monitoring, and will backscatter the radio waves generated by cellular base stations in order to report their sensed data to mobile phones. These functionalities will enable wireless network operators to offer new services without the emission of additional radio waves, but by recycling those already existing for other purposes. This paper overviews the current research efforts on smart radio environments, the enabling technologies to realize them in practice, the need of new communication-theoretic models for their analysis and design, and the long-term and open research issues to be solved towards their massive deployment. In a nutshell, this paper is focused on discussing how the availability of intelligent reconfigurable meta-surfaces will allow wireless network operators to redesign common and well-known network communication paradigms.

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Section: Current Research Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

Smart radio environments empowered by reconfigurable AI meta-surfaces: an idea whose time has come

Renzo

Debbah

Phan-Huy

et al. 2019

J Wireless Com Network

1,501

631

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“…Figure 3 shows a graphical representation of the HSF structure, illustrating the logic planes of the device. Essentially, the HSF receives external programmatic commands from a gateway controller that are disseminated to the internal control logic at the controller chips via chip-to-chip interconnects and routing logic [63], [64]. These commands contain the state (within the discrete set of possible states) that should be applied to each unit cell.…”

Section: Background: Programmable Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, faults rendering a controller chip useless will impact all its associated unit cells. Another example would relate to the loss of connectivity at the network: faults in a few interconnects can leave an entire region of the metasurface isolated and stuck in an old state [63]. • Aligned: The errors are spatially co-located following a line.…”

Section: B Spatial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering

Taghvaee

Cabellos‐Aparicio

Georgiou

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst.

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Recent years have seen the emergence of programmable metasurfaces, where the user can modify the EM response of the device via software. Adding reconfigurability to the already powerful EM capabilities of metasurfaces opens the door to novel cyber-physical systems with exciting applications in domains such as holography, cloaking, or wireless communications. This paradigm shift, however, comes with a non-trivial increase of the complexity of the metasurfaces that will pose new reliability challenges stemming from the need to integrate tuning, control, and communication resources to implement the programmability. While metasurfaces will become prone to failures, little is known about their tolerance to errors. To bridge this gap, this paper examines the reliability problem in programmable metamaterials by proposing an error model and a general methodology for error analysis. To derive the error model, the causes and potential impact of faults are identified and discussed qualitatively. The methodology is presented and exemplified for beam steering, which constitutes a relevant case for programmable metasurfaces. Results show that performance degradation depends on the type of error and its spatial distribution and that, in beam steering, error rates over 20% can still be considered acceptable.

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“…The configuration is formatted as a data packet that enters the tile network via an entry/exit point, and is routed to the intended tile via the employed intra-tile routing protocol. (An exemplary topology and routing strategy, considering HyperSurface constraints, appears in [46]). The intended tile gateway translates the directive according to the controller network communication protocol specifications and diffuses it within the tile.…”

Section: The Hypersurface-based Programmable Wireless Environment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel communication paradigm for high capacity and security via programmable indoor wireless environments in next generation wireless systems

et al. 2019

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Wireless communication environments comprise passive objects that cause performance degradation and eavesdropping concerns due to anomalous scattering. This paper proposes a new paradigm, where scattering becomes software-defined and, subsequently, optimizable across wide frequency ranges. Through the proposed programmable wireless environments, the path loss, multi-path fading and interference effects can be controlled and mitigated. Moreover, the eavesdropping can be prevented via novel physical layer security capabilites. The core technology of this new paradigm is the concept of metasurfaces, which are planar intelligent structures whose effects on impinging electromagnetic waves are fully defined by their micro-structure. Their control over impinging waves has been demonstrated to span from 1 GHz to 10 THz. This paper contributes the software-programmable wireless environment, consisting of several Hyper-Surface tiles (programmable metasurfaces) controlled by a central server. Hy-perSurfaces are a novel class of metasurfaces whose structure and, hence, electromagnetic behavior can be altered and controlled via a software interface. Multiple networked tiles coat indoor objects, allowing fine-grained, customizable reflection, absorption or polarization overall. A central server calculates and deploys the optimal electromagnetic interaction per tile, to the benefit of communicating devices. Realistic simulations using full 3D ray-tracing demonstrate the groundbreaking performance and security potential of the proposed approach in 2.4 GHz and 60 GHz frequencies.

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Fault Adaptive Routing in Metasurface Controller Networks

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Smart radio environments empowered by reconfigurable AI meta-surfaces: an idea whose time has come

Smart radio environments empowered by reconfigurable AI meta-surfaces: an idea whose time has come

Error Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering

A novel communication paradigm for high capacity and security via programmable indoor wireless environments in next generation wireless systems

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