Fault Analysis and Detection in Microgrids with High PV Penetration

Khatib, Mohamed El; Javier, Hernandez Alvidrez,; Ellis, Abraham

doi:10.2172/1367437

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Faults can be detected by monitoring the sag in the IIDG terminal voltage, the IIDG terminal voltage, the negativesequence component of the terminal voltage, the zerosequence current at the high-voltage side of the coupling transformer, changes in impedance at the inverter terminals, and the inverter current waveform transient response [4], [23]. Additionally, combinations of multiple methods have been investigated in the literature to ensure the reliability of fault detection [24], [25]. Fault detection is well-established in the literature and industry.…”

Section: A Iidg Controller and Harmonic Generation Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic Dual-Setting Directional Overcurrent Protection for Inverter-Based Islanded Microgrids

2023

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Limited fault currents in inverter-interfaced islanded microgrids impose immense challenges on conventional overcurrent protection schemes. This paper proposes a sensitive and selective protection scheme for islanded microgrids using a third harmonic voltage generated by inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs). The generated harmonic voltage results in a harmonic layer formed during shortcircuit faults and is decoupled from the fundamental fault current, i.e., limited by IIDGs. Further, the generated harmonic voltage is adaptively adjusted based on fault severity to enhance protection sensitivity and obtain a universal set of relays' settings. The proposed protection scheme utilizes harmonic directional overcurrent relays (HDOCRs) equipped with a dual-setting time-current-voltage setting that sense the generated harmonic voltages and currents at the relay location to ensure optimal protection coordination (OPC) of islanded microgrids. The OPC with the proposed dual-setting is formulated as a constrained nonlinear program to determine the optimal forward and reverse relays' settings. The proposed scheme is tested on the Canadian benchmark urban distribution system and compared to the conventional protection scheme, which relies only on a single time-current-voltage trip characteristic. The results ensure the ability of the proposed scheme to protect islanded microgrids without communication and its capability to reduce relays' operation times.INDEX TERMS Directional overcurrent relays, harmonic generation, inverter-interfaced distributed generators, microgrid, protection coordination.

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Section: A Iidg Controller and Harmonic Generation Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic Dual-Setting Directional Overcurrent Protection for Inverter-Based Islanded Microgrids

2023

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“…3). In this case, the pure fault circuit is obtained by replacing the voltage sources in the pre-fault circuit with a short circuit and their internal impedance [19]. The fault voltage source V f is also represented by a fault impedance Z f .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superimposed Sequence Components for Microgrid Protection: A Review

Opoku

Pokharel

Dimitrovski

2022

2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)

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The new challenge to protective relaying in distribution networks (DNs), due to the integration of distributed generation (DG), has become a significant area of focus and research for power engineers. To achieve high penetration of DGs in the DNs, new methods of achieving desired sensitivity, selectivity, and security of fault detection and coordination must be adopted. Recent literature shows that superimposed sequence components offer great potential in fault detection and coordination in such DNs. This paper reviews different proposed solutions to fault detection and coordination in microgrids using superimposed sequence quantities. It also includes a discussion on their application methods, unique advantages, and limitations. This way, it contributes to existing reviews on microgrid protection by presenting the unique considerations necessary for the superimposed method, as well the way conventional protection schemes can be improved for microgrid protection using this method. Results from applying a new approach for detecting faults based on superimposed negative sequence admittance is presented to demonstrate the application of superimposed quantities in fault detection.

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Protection of systems containing IBR from asymmetrical ground faults using zero sequence current with hardware implementation on FPGA

Pannell,

Gokaraju

2024

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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The addition of inverter‐based generation to the power system complicates protective relaying in several ways: the magnitude of the fault current will be altered based upon the location of the fault relative to the inverter‐based resource, and the response to a fault will be different than traditional generation. The relatively low fault current of inverter‐based resources presents difficulties in differentiating faults from increased loads. Additionally negative sequence relays may fail in the presence of IBR's due to the negligible negative sequence current produced by the IBR during a fault. This paper presents a novel method to allow the sensitive sub‐cycle detection, and determination of the relative location, of asymmetrical ground in systems containing inverter‐based resources through phasor analysis of zero sequence current. Least Error Squares Estimation is applied to the fault currents to improve the detection time of these faults, with low computational overheard for hardware implementation. Hardware implementation of the protection scheme on an Intel Cyclone IV‐E FPGA is completed and correct operation of the scheme is verified for the raw samples, as well as five and seven sample LES phasor estimations. Hardware testing is compared to the EMT output to confirm the results.

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Fault Analysis and Detection in Microgrids with High PV Penetration

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Harmonic Dual-Setting Directional Overcurrent Protection for Inverter-Based Islanded Microgrids

Harmonic Dual-Setting Directional Overcurrent Protection for Inverter-Based Islanded Microgrids

Superimposed Sequence Components for Microgrid Protection: A Review

Protection of systems containing IBR from asymmetrical ground faults using zero sequence current with hardware implementation on FPGA

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