Fault detection

Tanner, David C.; Buness, Hermann; Igel, Jan; Günther, Thomas; Gabriel, Gerald; Skiba, Peter; Plenefisch, Thomas; Gestermann, Nicolai; Walter, Thomas R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815985-9.00003-5

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…On the antenna used, the maximum depth range is 8.5 m. The higher the frequency used, the shallower the penetration depth, and vice versa. Figure 4(a) shows layered subsurface material and high spatial correlation reflector differences and displays the presence of faults or faults as reflector offsets [18]. The fault is located at a depth of 3.4 m at the 80 m track position and 3.2 m depth at the 90 m track position.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical investigation of the 2022 Cianjur earthquake: Uncovering a new active fault

Arwasaputra,

Setiawan,

Sugiarto

et al. 2024

E3S Web of Conf.

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An earthquake disaster struck the Cianjur area on November 21 2022, with a main earthquake measuring 5.6 Mw. Until April 2023, BMKG recorded that aftershock occurred 448 times with a magnitude range of 1 – 4.2 Mw. This event occurred due to underground movement caused by a fault. The fault that has been identified in the Cianjur area is the Cimandiri fault, however, the epicentre of the earthquake and the location of the Cimandiri fault line are approximately 20 km away. BMKG indicated that there was a new fault that was the cause of the earthquake. This research aims to determine subsurface conditions with indications of active faults in the areas affected by the 2022 Cianjur earthquake. Data acquisition was carried out at Cibulakan and Firdaus Mosque using the GPR method. The GPR method used is GSSI – SIR 3000 with a 270 MHz frequency antenna. Data processing was carried out using GPRPy software. Based on the processing that has been carried out, there are indications that the fault stretches perpendicularly in a north–south direction at a depth of approximately 2 m below the ground surface. Apart from that, the rock that makes up the area is volcanic rock.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical investigation of the 2022 Cianjur earthquake: Uncovering a new active fault

Arwasaputra,

Setiawan,

Sugiarto

et al. 2024

E3S Web of Conf.

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“…Faults, besides other subsurface structures, are commonly detected through geophysical methods. Due to the ability of elastic waves to sense a fault in the subsurface, active seismic is the tool mostly used to detect faults [62][63][64][65]. However, there are certain limitations and dependencies, like e.g., the wavelength of the seismic source or the rock density [66,67], influencing the seismic resolution and, hence, the ability to detect details of the fault zone.…”

Section: Fault Dipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further difficulties exist when trying to detect small structures, such as small-scale faults or particular fault zone features, like fault core, fault throw or damage zone [68]. Identification of steeply inclined fault zones is complex [65,69,70] and although different migration techniques exist [67,71,72], finding the correct fault dip remains difficult for the seismic interpreter. Thus, a frequently used simplification in reservoir modeling is to assume vertical faults, i.e., a fault dip of 90 • .…”

Section: Fault Dipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faults as Volumetric Weak Zones in Reservoir-Scale Hydro-Mechanical Finite Element Models—A Comparison Based on Grid Geometry, Mesh Resolution and Fault Dip

Treffeisen

Henk

2020

Energies

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An appropriate representation of faults is fundamental for hydro-mechanical reservoir models to obtain robust quantitative insights into the spatial distribution of stress, strain and pore pressure. Using a generic model containing a reservoir layer displaced by a fault, we examine three issues which are typically encountered if faults have to be incorporated in reservoir-scale finite element simulations. These are (1) mesh resolution aspects honoring the scale difference between the typical cell size of the finite element (FE) reservoir model and the heterogeneity of a fault zone, (2) grid geometry relative to the fault geometry and (3) fault dip. Different fault representations were implemented and compared regarding those on the modeling results. Remarkable differences in the calculated stress and strain patterns as well as the pore pressure field are observed. The modeling results are used to infer some general recommendations concerning the implementation of faults in hydro-mechanical reservoir models regarding mesh resolution and grid geometry, taking into account model-scale and scope of interest. The goal is to gain more realistic simulations and, hence, more reliable results regarding fault representation in reservoir models to improve production, lower cost and reduce risk during subsurface operations.

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“…Inactive faults, laying between tectonic blocks that are immovable relative to one another, can be hidden on the surface by a thick cover of sediments on platforms. Active faults and fractures, relieving the tensions within the tectonic blocks and resulting from other processes, can be expressed on the surface by lineaments (linear features on the surface) [20]. The faults and fractures serve as preferential channels of fluid migration if they are permeable and are connected to traps or reservoirs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Migration through Permafrost and the Pool of Greenhouse Gases in Frozen Soils of an Oil and Gas Field

et al. 2022

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Most methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions originate from the biodegradation of organic matter of soils and of degrading permafrost in the Arctic. However, there is limited evidence of the activity of geological sources, and little understanding of the pathways of migration of gaseous fluids through the porous mineral matrix filled with ice. We estimated the effect of geological factors on the winter storage of the greenhouse gases in frozen soils by statistical analysis of the geodatabase, which combined a field gas survey of frozen soils, subsurface sounding, and remote sensing data. Frozen soils stored on average 0.016 g CH4 m−3 and 11.5 g CO2 m−3. Microseeps, recognized by isolated anomalies of helium, had 30% higher CH4 concentrations. Lineaments marking margins of tectonic blocks were estimated to have 300% higher CH4 concentrations. High concentrations of propane and ethane indicated the contribution of diffuse fluid flow from hydrocarbon-bearing beds on 95% of the 130 km2 study area. In addition to the fluid contribution, we estimated an overwintering pool of greenhouse gases in frozen soil for the first time. Being at least 0.01–0.1% of the soil organic matter mass, these gaseous forms of carbon can be critical for the early-summer Arctic ecosystem functioning.

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Fault detection

Cited by 10 publications

References 77 publications

Geophysical investigation of the 2022 Cianjur earthquake: Uncovering a new active fault

Geophysical investigation of the 2022 Cianjur earthquake: Uncovering a new active fault

Faults as Volumetric Weak Zones in Reservoir-Scale Hydro-Mechanical Finite Element Models—A Comparison Based on Grid Geometry, Mesh Resolution and Fault Dip

Fluid Migration through Permafrost and the Pool of Greenhouse Gases in Frozen Soils of an Oil and Gas Field

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