“…For system identification and health monitoring of structures, the multi‐layer neural networks are widely utilized in the literature (Adeli, ; Adeli & Jiang, ; Arangio & Beck, ; Chang, Lin, & Chang, ; Hakim, Razak, & Ravanfar, ; Lam & Ng, ; Sirca & Adeli, ; Sohn et al., ; Yin & Zhu, ), and currently, deep learning neural networks have also begun to be applied in this area (Abdeljaber, Avci, Kiranyaz, Gabbouj, & Inmand, ; Cha, Choi, & Büyüköztürk, ; Grande, Castillo, Mora, & Lo, ; Lin, Nie, & Ma, ; Gao & Mosalam, ; Wang, Zhao, Li, Zhao, & Zhao, ; Yang et al., ). In this paper, the commonly used multi‐layer feedforward neural networks are investigated, and they have been confirmed to be able to approximate any functional relationship between inputs and outputs with a single hidden layer (Cybenko, ).…”