Fault Geometry at the Rupture Termination of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake

Sekiguchi, Haruko

doi:10.1785/0119990027

Cited by 128 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition. (1996) 2.5 Wald (1996) 2.8 Koketsu et al (1998) 2.5 Ide et al (1996) 3 Horikawa et al (1996) 3 Cho and Nakanishi (2000) 3.4 Guo et al (2013) 3.1 Sekiguchi et al (2000) 3.1 *Rupture speed in kilometers per second.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of the Directivity Pulse Periods Observed during an Earthquake

Fayjaloun¹,

Causse²,

Cornou³

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The ground velocity pulses generated by rupture directivity effects in the near-fault region can cause a large amount of damage to structures. Proper estimation of the period of such velocity pulses is of particular importance in characterizing near-fault seismic hazard and mitigating potential damage. We propose a simple equation to determine the pulse period as a function of the site location with respect to the fault rupture (defined by the hypocentral distance hypD, the closest distance to the rupture area clsD, and the length of the rupture area that breaks toward the site D) and some basic rupture properties (average rupture speed and average rise time). Our equation is first validated from a dataset of synthetic velocity time histories, deploying simulations of various strike-slip extended ruptures in a homogeneous medium. The analysis of the synthetic dataset confirms that the pulse period does not depend on the whole rupture area, but only on the parameter D. It also reveals that the pulse period is not sensitive to the level of slip heterogeneity on the fault plane. Our model is tested next on a real dataset build from the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project database, compiling 110 observations of velocity pulse periods from 10 strike-slip events and 6 non-strike-slip events. The standard deviation of the natural logarithm residuals between observations and predictions is ∼0:5. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between observations and predictions equals ∼0:8, indicating that despite its simplicity, our model explains fairly well the spatial variability of the pulse periods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of the Directivity Pulse Periods Observed during an Earthquake

Fayjaloun¹,

Causse²,

Cornou³

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…We focus here on strong-motion data, the primary dataset to constrain the detailed time dependency of the rupture process. Other datasets like Global Positioning System or teleseismic waveforms could be included in our source inversion formulation, at the expense of additional complexity in determining the optimal weighting for the different datasets (Sekiguchi et al, 2000;Ide et al, 2005).…”

Section: Theory and Methodology Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution of Rise Time in Earthquake Slip Inversions: Effect of Station Spacing and Rupture Velocity

Somala¹,

Ampuero²,

Lapusta³

2014

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Earthquake finite-source inversions provide us with a window into earthquake dynamics and physics. Unfortunately, rise time, an important source parameter that describes the local slip duration, is still quite poorly resolved. This may be at least partly due to sparsity of currently available seismic networks, which have average sensor spacing of a few tens of kilometers at best. However, next generation observation systems could increase the density of sensing by orders of magnitude. Here, we explore whether such dense networks would improve the resolution of the rise time in idealized scenarios. We consider steady-state pulselike ruptures with spatially uniform slip, rise time, and rupture speed and either Haskell or Yoffe slip-rate function on a vertical strike-slip fault. Synthetic data for various network spacings are generated by forward wave propagation simulations, and then source inversions are carried out using that data. The inversions use a nonparametric linear inversion method that does not impose any restrictions on rupture complexity, rupture velocity, or rise time. We show that rupture velocity is an important factor in determining the rise-time resolution. For sub-Rayleigh rupture speeds, there is a characteristic length related to the decay of the wavefield away from the fault that depends on rupture speed and rise time such that only networks with smaller station spacings can adequately resolve the rise time. For supershear ruptures, the wavefield contains homogeneous S waves the decay of which is much slower, and an adequate resolution of the rise time can be achieved for all station spacings considered in this study (up to few tens of kilometers). Finally, we find that even if dense measurements come at the expense of large noise (e.g., 1 cm=s noise for space-based optical systems), the conclusions on the performance of dense networks still hold.

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“…The source slip model of this earthquake was determined from the inversion of strong ground motion data by several researchers (e.g., YOSHIDA et al, 1996;SEKIGUCHI et al, 2000). The slip distributions on the fault plane were roughly similar to each other, although there were clear differences based on the frequency range of the data, the smoothing techniques used, etc.…”

Section: Kobe Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

Recipe for Predicting Strong Ground Motion from Crustal Earthquake Scenarios

Irikura

Miyake

2010

Pure Appl. Geophys.

193

111

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Abstract-We developed a recipe for predicting strong ground motions based on a characterization of the source model for future crustal earthquakes. From recent developments of waveform inversion of strong motion data used to estimate the rupture process, we have inferred that strong ground motion is primarily related to the slip heterogeneity inside the source rather than average slip in the entire rupture area. Asperities are characterized as regions that have large slip relative to the average slip on the rupture area. The asperity areas, as well as the total rupture area, scale with seismic moment. We determined that the areas of strong motion generation approximately coincide with the asperity areas. Based on the scaling relationships, the deductive source model for the prediction of strong ground motions is characterized by three kinds of parameters: outer, inner, and extra fault parameters. The outer fault parameters are defined as entire rupture area and total seismic moment. The inner fault parameters are defined as slip heterogeneity inside the source, area of asperities, and stress drop on each asperity based on the multipleasperity model. The pattern of rupture nucleation and termination are the extra fault parameters that are related to geomorphology of active faults. We have examined the validity of the earthquake sources constructed by our recipe by comparing simulated and observed ground motions from recent inland crustal earthquakes, such as the 1995 Kobe and 2005 Fukuoka earthquakes.

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Fault Geometry at the Rupture Termination of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake

Cited by 128 publications

References 28 publications

Spatial Variability of the Directivity Pulse Periods Observed during an Earthquake

Spatial Variability of the Directivity Pulse Periods Observed during an Earthquake

Resolution of Rise Time in Earthquake Slip Inversions: Effect of Station Spacing and Rupture Velocity

Recipe for Predicting Strong Ground Motion from Crustal Earthquake Scenarios

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