Fault Protection with a Digital Computer

Rockefeller, G. D.

doi:10.1109/tpas.1969.292466

Cited by 194 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…At fault inception a sudden rise or drop in voltage can occur. Current and voltage peaks can change in magnitude and/or phase position with respect to prefault conditions [4]. SIMULINK, now incorporated into MATLAB, can also be used to analyze and design of power systems.…”

Section: Zl1mentioning

confidence: 99%

On line monitoring of transmission line

Sinha¹,

Yadav²,

Tudu³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

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Abstract-Continuous online monitoring of transmission line is required for proper functioning of power system. This paper presents two simulink model one for single transmission line, singly fed and the other for parallel transmission line doubly fed and presents the simulation result which shows the continuous variation in transmission line impedance before, during and after the fault. This paper shows the effect of different factors like prefault system condition, ground fault resistance, series compensation effect individually and then taking together on impedance plot under line to ground fault and three phase to ground fault. In case of parallel transmission line the paper have taken into account of mutual coupling effect also.Index Terms-series compensation, parallel lines, R-X plot, mutual coupling effect, protective relay, type of fault, distance protection. I. INTRODUCTIONThe capital investment involved in a power system for the generation , transmission and distribution of electrical power is so great that proper precautions must be taken to ensure that the equipment not only operates to its peak efficiencies but also that it is protected from different kind of faults. The continuous online monitoring of transmission line is required to operate the correct circuit breakers so as to disconnect only the faulty equipment from the system as fast as possible, thus minimizing the trouble and damage caused by faults when they occur. II. POWER TRANSMISSION LINE A. Single Transmission Lines Equipped with SeriesCompensation bus1 C F bus2 Fig:1 Single Transmission Lines Equipped with Series Compensation CapacitorsSeries compensation is used to meet maximum power demand and to improve stability limit of power. In order to meet the high demand for power transmission capacity series capacitors are installed on power transmission lines. This allows the impedance of the line to be lowered, thus yielding increased transmission capability. The series capacitor makes sense because it's simple and it can provide the benefits of increased system stability, reduced system losses, and better voltage regulation. Protective distance relays, which make use of impedance measurements in order to determine the presence and location of faults, are "fooled" by installed series capacitance on the line when the presence or absence of the capacitor in the fault circuit is not known a priori. This is because the capacitance cancels or compensates some of the inductance of the line and therefore the relay may perceive a fault to be in its first zone when the fault is actually in the second or third zone of protection [1]. B. Distance protection aspect for parallel transmission line Zl1Za Zb pZl2 F (1-p)Zl2 In general the relay algorithm are designed without considering the effects like series compensation, mutual coupling in case of parallel transmission line . In a single-line system, the measured voltage is proportional to the positive and zero sequence impedance during a single-phase-to ground

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Section: Zl1mentioning

confidence: 99%

On line monitoring of transmission line

Sinha¹,

Yadav²,

Tudu³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

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“…However, many of the same relaying principles of protection are still playing a dominant role to date. In the late 1960s, the application of a centralized substation protection system based on a centralized computer system was proposed [1]. This constitutes an important milestone in the history of power system protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments of Power System Protection and Control

Lin

Wang

et al. 2016

Prot. Control Mod. Power Syst.

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Synchronized wide area communication has become a mature technology, which makes the real-time interaction between the substations and the wide area protection and control system possible. However, the present protection and control system to handle this real-time data has been recognized to be deficient. This paper begins by reviewing the development history of power system protection, with special attention paid to the recent development in the field of wide-area and integrated protections, in order to look into the future development of protection and control systems. Then the concept of integrated wide area protection and control is introduced, where it can be shown that a hierarchical protection and control system provides the protection and control for wide area or regional power substations/plants and their associated power networks. The system is mainly divided into three levels: the local, the substation/plant, and the wide area/regional. The integrated functions at each level are described in details with an aim to develop an optimal coordination mechanism between each level. The key element in the proposed system is the wide area real-time protection and control information platform, which not only enables the merger of three lines of defence for power system protection and control, but also provides a perfect tool for the application of cloud computing in substations and power networks.

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“…The application of an integrated substation protection system based on a centralized computer system was proposed at the start of the digital protection age in the late 1960's [1]. The idea fits well with the concept of an overall integrated protection where the protection package would not only oversee individual units of a plant but also a section of the network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%