Fault Tectonics and Heat Flow in Europe

Meier, R. R.; Hurtig, E.; Ludwig, A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-95357-6_9

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…High heat flow and faulting is reported for much of Europe (Meier et al 1979) and is attributed to fluid convection. Globally, zones of high heat flow and hydrothermal convection, such as mid-ocean ridges and geothermal areas, exhibit high variability in heat flow, decidedly skewed toward higher values (e.g.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 98%

Heat flow in the Vøring Basin, Mid-Norwegian Shelf

Ritter

Zielinski²,

Weiss

et al. 2004

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In situ temperature and heat flow were determined in 1994 at 159 sites, grouped into 66 clusters between latitude 65 N and 67 30' N at water depths from 669 m to 1464 m. The mean of all cluster heat-flow measurements conducted in this survey was 58.5 mW m 2 , with a standard error of 4.40 mW m 2 . The mean heat flow from IKU well data for the Trøndelag Platform is 56.2 6.65 mW m 2 . Shorter wavelength heat-flow variations appear to be controlled structurally and can be explained by sedimentation and thermal refraction effects. High heat flow associated with faulted structural highs such as the Nyk High and Vema Dome-Rym Fault Zone may also result from hydrothermal convection. Relatively isolated high (106.6 mW m 2 ) heat flow observed at 846 m water depth may be an artefact of bottom water disturbances; however, virtually identical deep-water heat-flow anomalies, believed to be of hydrothermal origin, also exist. While heat-flow measurements made at water depths less than 1000 m should be regarded with caution, there is presently no justification for eliminating those exhibiting linear heat flow with depth. Submarine avalanches seem unimportant in the survey area. Neither crustal thinning, underplating nor sill intrusion, within the last 50 Ma, would have a measurable effect on present-day heat flow. The net effect of crustal thinning may be a reduction of the crustal heat generation potential, depending on the degree of thinning of the upper crust, since the accumulating sediments cannot compensate fully for the lost heat generation from a crystalline basement.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 98%

Heat flow in the Vøring Basin, Mid-Norwegian Shelf

Ritter

Zielinski²,

Weiss

et al. 2004

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The preliminary heat flow map of Europe and some of its tectonic and geophysical implications

Čermák¹,

Hurtig

1978

PAGEOPH

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Geothermal anomalies in the Valles‐Penedes Graben Master Fault: Convection through the Horst as a possible mechanism

Fernández¹,

Banda²

1990

J. Geophys. Res.

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Four different mechanisms (frictional heating, magmatic intrusion, free convection, and forced convection) have been tested as possible causes to explain the localized and relatively high geothermal anomalies found along master faults of graben structures. Forced convection is the only mechanism found to be generally able to generate the anomalies. The Vall•s-Pened•s basin (NE Spain) is used to illustrate the results of the different mechanisms. In general, it is concluded that forced convection will generate geothermal anomalies when several conditions are met: water circulation has to be deep and slow in its descent; deep reaching faults must exist to allow a rapid ascension of water; and some sort of sealing along the ascending conduit has to prevent mixing with cold water. The hydraulic model of the Vall•s-Pened•s graben rules out a possible circulation through the sediments filling the basin, and therefore a circulation model through the adjacent horst is proposed. This model is supported by isotopic data. Such a model is not restricted to horst and graben structures but can be used to explain anomalies found in compressive geological settings. 1986]. THE VALL•2S-PENEDf!!S GRABEN Geological Setting The Vall•s-Pened•s graben (Figure 1) is an extensional structure that may be related to the European Cenozoic Rift System which transects western Europe in a roughly NS direction [Julivert et al., 1974]. The northeastern part of Iberia was under compression during most of the Paleogene with ENE-WSW and NW-SE fault reactivation.An extensional episode caused basin formation starting at the beginning of the Neogene (Figure 1). The Vall•s-Pened•s graben is filled with arkosic and clay sediments of Neogene age. The NW shoulder of the graben, formed by the Montseny Massif, is mainly late Hercynian granitoids and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The SE shoulder is mainly late Hercynian plutonic rocks and Mesozoic sediments. Depth to the basement is about 3000 m and 1000 m at the NW and SE margins, respectively (Figures 2a and 2b). Hydrological and Thermal DataThe study area is delimited by four natural groundwater divides: The Montseny Massif to the north, the Mogent and 4887 E. Banda and M. Fernhndez, Institut Jaume Almera, CSIC, Marff i Franqu6s s/n,

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Fault Tectonics and Heat Flow in Europe

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Heat flow in the Vøring Basin, Mid-Norwegian Shelf

Heat flow in the Vøring Basin, Mid-Norwegian Shelf

The preliminary heat flow map of Europe and some of its tectonic and geophysical implications

Geothermal anomalies in the Valles‐Penedes Graben Master Fault: Convection through the Horst as a possible mechanism

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