For aerospace systems, advanced model-based Fault Detection, Identi¦-cation, and Recovery (FDIR) challenges range from predesign and design stages for upcoming and new programs up to the improvement of the performance of in-service §ying systems. However, today, their application to real aerospace world has remained extremely limited. The paper underlines the reasons for a widening gap between the advanced scienti¦c FDIR methods being developed by the academic community and technological solutions demanded by the aerospace industry.