Fault-tolerant quantum computation and communication on a distributed 2D array of small local systems

Fujii, Keisuke; Yamamoto, Takashi; Koashi, Masato; Imoto, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1063/1.4903121

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is also noteworthy that the gauge color code is local only in three dimensions and, as such, unlike the surface code, cannot be realized using a two-dimensional array of locally interacting qubits. Instead, the gauge color code may be an attractive model for non-local quantum-computational architectures such as networked schemes 29 30 31 32 33 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Fault-tolerant error correction with the gauge color code

2016

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The constituent parts of a quantum computer are inherently vulnerable to errors. To this end, we have developed quantum error-correcting codes to protect quantum information from noise. However, discovering codes that are capable of a universal set of computational operations with the minimal cost in quantum resources remains an important and ongoing challenge. One proposal of significant recent interest is the gauge color code. Notably, this code may offer a reduced resource cost over other well-studied fault-tolerant architectures by using a new method, known as gauge fixing, for performing the non-Clifford operations that are essential for universal quantum computation. Here we examine the gauge color code when it is subject to noise. Specifically, we make use of single-shot error correction to develop a simple decoding algorithm for the gauge color code, and we numerically analyse its performance. Remarkably, we find threshold error rates comparable to those of other leading proposals. Our results thus provide the first steps of a comparative study between the gauge color code and other promising computational architectures.

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confidence: 99%

Fault-tolerant error correction with the gauge color code

2016

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“…A number of authors have extended this idea, for example, through a means to purify phase noise very efficiently [14] and by introducing the idea of "double selection" [15], which was then used in a scheme [16] that can tolerate channel noise up to 30% in the context of quantum computing. Recent work has even pushed the acceptable limits of local noise to comparable levels [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Freely Scalable Quantum Technologies Using Cells of 5-to-50 Qubits with Very Lossy and Noisy Photonic Links

2014

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Exquisite quantum control has now been achieved in small ion traps, in nitrogen-vacancy centers and in superconducting qubit clusters. We can regard such a system as a universal cell with diverse technological uses from communication to large-scale computing, provided that the cell is able to network with others and overcome any noise in the interlinks. Here, we show that loss-tolerant entanglement purification makes quantum computing feasible with the noisy and lossy links that are realistic today: With a modestly complex cell design, and using a surface code protocol with a network noise threshold of 13.3%, we find that interlinks that attempt entanglement at a rate of 2 MHz but suffer 98% photon loss can result in kilohertz computer clock speeds (i.e., rate of high-fidelity stabilizer measurements). Improved links would dramatically increase the clock speed. Our simulations employ local gates of a fidelity already achieved in ion trap devices. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.4.041041 Subject Areas: Quantum PhysicsWithin the past year, there have been remarkable advances in the fidelity with which small quantum devices can be controlled. The two most mature systems are ion traps and superconducting qubits. In ion trap devices, single-qubit fidelities [1] have reached 99.9999%, with combined preparation and measurement of 99.93%. Moreover, two-qubit operations [2] have been reported with fidelities up to 99.9%. Meanwhile, a superconducting qubit device (SQD) containing five qubits [3] has been demonstrated with all qubit manipulations above 99.3%. At the same time, there has been rapid progress in the study of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond-single electron spin manipulation is possible with 99% fidelity [4], and it is possible to manipulate nuclei that are relatively far from the center, so that each NV center may be thought of as a group of several qubits interacting with an optically active core [5].These prototype systems are small; none of them contain as many as 20 qubits. But importantly in each case, it is possible to bridge between small systems using photonic channels, albeit with lower entanglement fidelities and in a probabilistic way that may require many attempts. In the ion trap community, there are well-established methods for entangling ions in separate traps, and recent progress associated with projects such as the MUSIQC initiative [6] have led to successful entanglement at a rate of hertz [7]. This can be improved by orders of magnitude by hardware advances and by loss-adapted protocols, as we describe in this paper. In SQDs, a well-established means of interfacing qubits is to exploit microwave photons in cavities [8]. This suffices for short-range bridging, and, moreover, remote entanglement of two superconducting qubits separated by more than a meter of coaxial cable has recently been demonstrated [9]. In the case of NV center research, successful optical linking of qubits can occur either within the same sample [4] or over meters of separation [10], and teleportation [11] with fidelity ...

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“…However, simple distillation protocols can only reach errors approximately ten times larger than the local gate errors, because they involve many local gates 20,21 . More sophisticated protocols are necessary to further reduce the noise, but the added complexity lowers the success rate, reducing the achievable code cycle rate and increasing the memory errors per code cycle 18,[22][23][24][25][26] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Fault-tolerant connection of error-corrected qubits with noisy links

Ramette,

Sinclair,

Breuckmann

et al. 2024

npj Quantum Inf

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One of the most promising routes toward scalable quantum computing is a modular approach. We show that distinct surface code patches can be connected in a fault-tolerant manner even in the presence of substantial noise along their connecting interface. We quantify analytically and numerically the combined effect of errors across the interface and bulk. We show that the system can tolerate 14 times higher noise at the interface compared to the bulk, with only a small effect on the code’s threshold and subthreshold behavior, reaching threshold with ~1% bulk errors and ~10% interface errors. This implies that fault-tolerant scaling of error-corrected modular devices is within reach using existing technology.

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Fault-tolerant quantum computation and communication on a distributed 2D array of small local systems

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Fault-tolerant error correction with the gauge color code

Fault-tolerant error correction with the gauge color code

Freely Scalable Quantum Technologies Using Cells of 5-to-50 Qubits with Very Lossy and Noisy Photonic Links

Fault-tolerant connection of error-corrected qubits with noisy links

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