“…Pay-for-performance arrangements are still lacking and current performance indicators, such as hospital readmission rates and length of stay, are imperfect (Degos, 2013; Or, 2014). When they do exist, for instance, for general practitioners, they reveal ambiguous outcomes (Da Silva, 2012, 2013; GAO and Social Affairs Committee, French Senate, 2014). Another, group of stakeholders, for example, private care providers took advantage of the NPM pro-competitive regulations to expand.…”