Favorable effects ofGlobularia alypumon cardiometabolic markers in high fructose-fed rats

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to examine whether Globularia alypum (Ga) lyophilized aqueous leaves extract treatment improves cardiometabolic syndromes such as hyperglycemia, lipid profiles and oxidative damage resulting from a high-fructose diet induced in hypertriglyceridemic rats. Design/methodology/approach A total of 24 male Wistar rats weighing 80 ± 5 g were first randomly divided into 2 groups. A total of 12 control rats (C) were fed a standard-diet (St-D) and 12 high fructose (HF) rats were fed a high-fructose diet (HF-D) containing St-D in which cornstarch was substituted by fructose (61.4%). After 15 weeks of feeding, body weight (BW) was about 320 ± 20 g and hypertriglyceridemia was noted in HF vs C group (2.69 ± 0.49 mmol/L) vs (1.25 ± 0.33 mmol/L). Each group of rats was then divided into two equal groups (n = 6) and fed during four weeks either a St-D or HF-D, treated or not with 1% of Ga extract (C-Ga) and (HF-Ga). After 28 days, fasting rats were anesthetized and blood and tissues were removed to measure biochemical parameters. Findings The results showed no significant differences in BW and insulinemia between all groups. Ga extract supplementation reduced glycemia (−36%), glycosylated hemoglobin (−37%), Homeostasis Model of Assessment-Insulin Resistance index (−34%) and triacylglycerol’s contents in plasma (−33%), very low density lipoproteins–low density lipoproteins (VLDL-LDL) (−48%), liver (−52%) and aorta (−39%); total cholesterol concentrations in aorta was 3.7-fold lower in HF-Ga vs HF group. Ga treatment reduced lipid peroxidation in plasma, VLDL-LDL, red blood cells (RBC), liver, muscle and kidney by improving superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in RBC and catalase (CAT) activity in kidney (p < 0.05). Moreover, Ga ameliorates glutathione (GSH) production in RBC (+41%) and kidney tissues (+35%). Originality/value Ga extract ameliorated cardiometabolic syndrome by its hypotriglyceridemic effect and prevented development of insulin resistance. It reduces lipid peroxidation by enhancing non-enzymatic (GSH) and enzymatic (SOD, GPx and CAT) antioxidant defense systems in high-fructose hypertriglyceridemic rats. Therefore, supplementation of Ga leaves extract as an adjuvant could be used for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and the prevention and/or the management of cardio-metabolic adverse effects.

Globularia alypum L. and Related Species: LC-MS Profiles and Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial and Anticancer Potential

“…In DM, liver is among the primary organs susceptible to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, which may result in irreversible oxidative modifications of its macromolecules that may lead to abnormal glycogen deposition, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other liver abnormalities [ 55 ]. Besides the observed anti-hyperglycemic effect of G. alypum [ 10 , 11 , 56 ], which can be partially attributed to its major metabolite globularin [ 41 ], additional benefits of traditional utilization of G. alypum as an antidiabetic could include prevention of diabetic complications through direct or indirect antioxidant activity, including radical scavenging activity [ 35 , 57 ], enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity and/or elevation of levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants [ 56 , 58 , 59 ]. For example, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, administration of G. alypum methanolic leaf extract reduced glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and improved the redox status, especially in the liver [ 56 ].…”

“…Plants, thanks to the presence of numerous secondary metabolites and their diverse biological activities, help alleviate various ailments and/or may serve as sources of lead compounds in the discovery of new drugs [ 8 ]. According to biological activity studies, Globularia alypum L. is one of the plants that may help alleviate symptoms of different chronic diseases [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Its medicinal use is especially well-documented in North African countries, such as Morocco and Algeria, where it is one of the most frequently cited plant species used for diabetes [ 13 , 14 ].…”

“…Antioxidant [ 11 , 12 ], anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-α-amylase, anti-lipase, anti-liver toxicity, anti-pyretic, analgesic [ 11 ], anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and wound healing effects have been reported for G. alypum methanolic leaf extracts [ 12 ], while aqueous leaf extract of the same species showed in vitro cytotoxic effect against Hep - 2 human laryngeal carcinoma cells and Vero cells [ 21 ]. Observed biological effects have mainly been attributed to its secondary metabolites, such as iridoids and/or polyphenols [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Ephedra alata extracts exerts anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-antipyretic and analgesic effects

“…Diabetes is a serious health problem growing at alarming rates around the world. It is reported to constitute the 16th leading cause of global mortality and caused various complications and disorders such as pain, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and inflammation (Perez Gutierrez, 2016;Bahlil et al, 2020;Spínola et al, 2020). In this respect, Ephedra alata extracts many synthetic disaccharidase and lipase inhibitors have been reported to reduce plasma glucose and lipid levels via delaying glucose and lipid absorption and retarding the liberation of glucose from oligosaccharides and disaccharides from dietary complex carbohydrates.…”

Tert‐butylhydroquinone abrogates fructose‐induced insulin resistance in rats via mitigation of oxidant stress, NFkB‐mediated inflammation in the liver but not the skeletal muscle of high fructose drinking rats

“…Increased SOD activity could lead to increased generation of H 2 O 2 as SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion generated by NADPH oxidase into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen (Bahlil et al, 2021;Eleazu et al, 2020;Rao et al, 2011). With the decreased CAT activity in the disease group which is needed to breakdown the H 2 O 2 to H 2 and O 2 , the excess H 2 O 2 will trigger lipid peroxidation, leading to the increased generation of MDA (Eleazu et al, 2020;Girard et al, 2006) as seen in the disease group.…”