Favourable long‐term outcome of granulomatous colitis involving two Escherichia coli strains with multiple antimicrobial resistances in a French bulldog in Germany

Abstract

A two-year-old female French bulldog was presented for chronic large bowel diarrhoea. The dog had been suspected to have granulomatous colitis, but no improvement was noted with enrofloxacin treatment. Diagnosis was confirmed by histology and fluorescent in situ hybridisation. Isolated Escherichia coli strains showed multiple resistances to antimicrobials, including enrofloxacin. Treatment with potentiated amoxicillin and cefovecin resulted in complete resolution of clinical signs within two weeks and treatment was continued for a total of eight weeks. The dog had no signs of large bowel diarrhoea and gained 2 kg of bodyweight within 10 months. This is the first case report of a French bulldog with granulomatous colitis with a favourable long-term outcome despite colonisation with multiresistant adherent-invasive E coli. This case highlights the importance of antimicrobial sensitivity testing from colonic mucosal biopsy samples in canine granulomatous colitis. It should raise awareness of this disease in continental Europe.

Clinical characteristics and long‐term outcome of E. coli‐associated granulomatous ileocolitis in dogs: five cases (2010‐2014)

“…Granulomatous colitis (GC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) typically seen in young boxer dogs (Van Kruiningen et al 1965, Churcher & Watson 1997, Hostutler et al 2004, Simpson et al 2006, Craven et al 2011 and increasingly recognised in French Bulldogs (Tanaka et al 2003, Manchester et al 2013, Mueller et al 2016, Lucena et al 2017 and breeds from the terrier/mastiff cluster (Stokes et al 2001, Hostutler et al 2004, Leroy et al 2009, Argenta et al 2018. Clinical signs are consistent with colitis and include frequent, small volume diarrhoea, mucoid faeces, hematochezia and tenesmus, with more severe cases experiencing cachexia and hypoalbuminemia (Van Kruiningen et al 1965, Craven et al 2011.…”

Acute Ulcerative Enterocolitis With Severe Protein Loss Due to Mucosal Invasion With Enterococcus spp. in a Dog With Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: A Case Report

“…In the current case, this would likely have resulted in a change of antibiotic management, as empirical enrofloxacin was not ideal. Increasing resistance to enrofloxacin has already been reported in GC-associated E.coli (47)(48)(49). Based on FISH and culture, trimethoprim sulfonamide would have been more appropriate, but as the dog had already improved considerably, a long course of this was undesirable due to common significant side effects.…”

Granulomatöse Kolitis bei einem Französische-Bulldogge-Welpen

“…Aufgrund der Korrelation zwischen einer klinischen Remission und der Eliminierung invasiver E. coli-Bakterien nach mehrwöchiger Fluorchinolontherapie ist eine Heilung prinzipiell möglich [3][14] [15]. In den vergangenen Jahren war jedoch ein vermehrtes Auftreten resistenter E. coli-Isolate zu verzeichnen [5][6] [28]. So wurden in einer Studie an 14 Boxern mit GK [28] bei mehr als 50 % der nachgewiesenen E. coli-Bakterien Resistenzen gegenüber Nicht-Fluorchinolon-Antibiotika und bei insgesamt 43 % der betroffenen Tiere Fluorchinolon-resistente E. coli nachgewiesen.…”

“…Auch die potenzielle Induktion von Arthropathien durch Fluorchinolone, insbesondere bei chondrodystrophen Rassen, kann zu einem frühzeitigen Abbrechen der Behandlung und letztlich zur Entwicklung resistenter Bakterienstämme beitragen [3][28]. Einige Tiere mit Nachweis Fluorchinolon-resistenter E. coli-Bakterien sprachen jedoch auf eine Kombinationstherapie mit verschiedenen anderen Wirkstoffen an [5], sodass insgesamt von einer guten Prognose ausgegangen werden kann.…”

“…Diese Kasuistik dokumentiert den zweiten Fall einer GK durch invasive E. coli-Bakterien bei einer Französischen Bulldogge in Deutschland. Im Gegensatz zum ersten Fall [5] handelt es sich um einen vergleichsweise jungen Hund, bei dem Enrofloxacin-responsive E. coli vorlagen.…”