FDA approves new upgraded Gardasil 9

Kirby, Tony

doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(14)71191-x

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…The highly effective HPV vaccines to prevent HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 (Gardasil and Cervarix) and the recently approved nonavalent vaccine (Gardasil 9) [33] are without a doubt an excellent start for curbing HPV prevalence, especially knowing that HPV 16 and 18 are together responsible for aproximatly 70% of cervical cancer and over 90% of other non-cervical HPV-related cancers [34]. However, the current vaccines have several features that limit their potential impact.…”

Section: Hpv Prevention Strategies: Learning From Success and Moving mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipurpose prevention technologies: the future of HIV and STI protection

Fernández-Romero

Deal

Herold

et al. 2015

Trends in Microbiology

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Every day, more than 1 million people are newly infected with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that can lead to morbidity, mortality, and an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Existing prevention and management strategies, including behavior change, condom promotion, and therapy have not reduced the global incidence and prevalence, pointing to the need for novel innovative strategies. This review summarizes important issues raised during a satellite session at the first HIV R4P conference, held in Cape Town, on October 31, 2014. We explore key STIs that are challenging public health today; new biomedical prevention approaches including multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs); and the scientific and regulatory hurdles that must be overcome to make combination prevention tools a reality.

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Section: Hpv Prevention Strategies: Learning From Success and Moving mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipurpose prevention technologies: the future of HIV and STI protection

Fernández-Romero

Deal

Herold

et al. 2015

Trends in Microbiology

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“…2 However, they are only recommended for naïve females aged from 9 to 26, and not for women already infected with HPVs. 3 For this reason, a new therapeutic vaccine is required for the treatment of the HPV-infected population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiantigenic peptide–polymer conjugates as therapeutic vaccines against cervical cancer

Hussein

Liu

Jia

et al. 2016

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry

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Immunotherapy is one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for virtually all cases of cervical cancer. The main purpose of a therapeutic HPV vaccine is to stimulate CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that can eradicate HPV infected cells. HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are continuously expressed and are essential for maintaining the growth of HPV-associated tumor cells. We designed polymer-based multi-antigenic formulations/constructs that were comprised of the E6 and E7 peptide epitopes.We developed an N-terminus-based epitope conjugation to conjugate two unprotected peptides to poly tert-butyl acrylate. This method allowed for the incorporation of the two antigens into a polymeric dendrimer in a strictly equimolar ratio. The most effective formulations eliminated tumors in up to 50% of treated mice. Tumor recurrence was not observed up to 3 months post initial challenge.

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“…Randomized trials have shown that HPV vaccines are efficacious in preventing HPV infection and low-grade and high-grade CIN, 1 and cervical cancer reductions of 70% to 90% are envisioned to be possible through population vaccination during the next 25 years. 2 Reductions in cervical cancer precursors will be observed much earlier as successive cohorts of women with greater vaccination coverage move into cervical screening. However, a coincident decreasing predictive value of current clinical approaches to cervical cancer screening is expected as a consequence of the absence of HPV, 3 and as CIN prevalence decreases, the residual cases identified by screening could result in unnecessary clinical management and follow-up.…”

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confidence: 99%

Population-Based Incidence Rates of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Era

et al. 2017

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IMPORTANCE A substantial effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines on reducing HPV-related cervical disease is essential before modifying clinical practice guidelines in partially vaccinated populations. OBJECTIVE To determine the population-based cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) trends when adjusting for changes in cervical screening practices that overlapped with HPV vaccination implementation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The New Mexico HPV Pap Registry, which captures population-based estimates of both cervical screening prevalence and CIN, was used to compute CIN trends from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2014. Under New Mexico Administrative Code, the New Mexico HPV Pap Registry, a statewide public health surveillance program, receives mandatory reporting of all cervical screening (cytologic and HPV testing) and any cervical, vulvar, and vaginal histopathological findings for all women residing in New Mexico irrespective of outcome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prespecified outcome measures included low-grade CIN (grade 1 [CIN1]) and high-grade CIN (grade 2 [CIN2] and grade 3 [CIN3]). RESULTS From 2007 to 2014, a total of 13 520 CIN1, 4296 CIN2, and 2823 CIN3 lesions were diagnosed among female individuals 15 to 29 years old. After adjustment for changes in cervical screening across the period, reductions in the CIN incidence per 100 000 women screened were significant for all grades of CIN among female individuals 15 to 19 years old, dropping from 3468.3 to 1590.6 for CIN1 (annual percentage change [APC], −9.0; 95% CI, −12.0 to −5.8; P < .001), from 896.4 to 414.9 for CIN2 (APC, −10.5; 95% CI, −18.8 to −1.2; P = .03), and from 240.2 to 0 for CIN3 (APC, −41.3; 95% CI, −65.7 to 0.3; P = .05). Reductions in the CIN2 incidence were also significant for women 20 to 24 years old, dropping from 1027.7 to 627.1 (APC, −6.3; 95% CI, −10.9 to −1.4; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Population-level decreases in CIN among cohorts partially vaccinated for HPV may be considered when clinical practice guidelines for cervical cancer screening are reassessed. Evidence is rapidly growing to suggest that further increases in raising the age to start screening are imminent, one step toward integrating screening and vaccination.

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FDA approves new upgraded Gardasil 9

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Multipurpose prevention technologies: the future of HIV and STI protection

Multipurpose prevention technologies: the future of HIV and STI protection

Multiantigenic peptide–polymer conjugates as therapeutic vaccines against cervical cancer

Population-Based Incidence Rates of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Era

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