“…It is interesting to note that although the theoretical link between FDI, trade openness, and economic growth is well documented, recent empirical studies for developing countries often focus on testing the impact of (i) trade openness on economic growth (see e.g., Mani & Afzal, 2012;Asiedu, 2013;Hassen, Anis, Taha, JOURNAL OF AFRICAN BUSINESS 3 and Yosra 2013; Sakyi et al, 2014, Karam & Zaki, 2015, and (ii) FDI on economic growth (see e.g., Adams, 2009;Gudaro, Chhapra, and Sheikh, 2010;Onakoya, 2012;Yalta, 2013;Hong, 2014;Nistor, 2014;Temiz & Gokmen, 2014) separately. Moreover, empirical studies which consider both FDI and trade openness (see e.g., Liu, Burridge, and Sinclair, 2002;Oteng-Abayie & Frimpong, 2006;Naveed & Shabbir, 2006;Constant & Yaoxing, 2010;Adelowokan & Maku, 2013;Soi, Koskei, Buigut, and Kibert, 2013;Belloumi, 2014) do not specifically test the Bhagwati hypothesis -i.e., the interaction effect of both FDI and trade openness on economic growth.…”