FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBS/PLA Blends

Yu, Wangwang; Sun, Liwei; Li, Mengya; Li, Meihui; Lei, Wen; Wei, Chaohui

doi:10.3390/polym15214305

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Moreover, we once investigated the thermal stability of FDM 3D-printed PBS/PLA samples and found that the thermal stability of the PBS/PLA blends would be worsened when more dosage of PBS was incorporated [ 34 ]. The improved thermal stability of FDM 3D-printed PBAT/PLA blends indicated that the PBS/PLA blends can be replaced with the PBAT/PLA blends when the thermal stability of the samples is taken into consideration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBAT/PLA Blends

Yu,

Li,

Lei

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) has been widely used in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. In order to improve its comprehensive properties in 3D printing, in this study, 0-40% content of polybutylene adipate terephthalate(PBAT) was selected to be blended with PLA in a twin-screw extruder; the resulting pellets were drawn into a homogeneous filament; then, PBAT/PLA samples were prepared by FDM 3D printing, and the effects of the dosage of PBAT on the mechanical properties, thermal behavior, surface wettability and melt flowability of the samples were investigated. The results showed that all the samples could be printed smoothly, and the ductility was slightly improved by the increase in the PBAT dosage; the thermal stability of PLA was enhanced by blending with PBAT, and the crystallinity increased monotonically with the increase in PBAT. After blending with PBAT, the surfaces of the samples were more hydrophilic and flowable. The important conclusion achieved in this work was that the PBAT/PLA blends, especially those containing 30%PBAT, showed great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics and are suitable for use in FDM 3D printing technologies for different applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBAT/PLA Blends

Yu,

Li,

Lei

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…A comparison of the impact strength data (Figure 15) for the vPLA:PC-PLA (50:50) blended specimens with those of 100% rPLA and 100% vPLA [46] showed that the vPLA:PC-PLA (50:50) blended specimens exhibited a 9.15% higher impact strength than the rPLA samples and approximately similar impact strength to the vPLA specimens when printed at a larger layer height and high infill (experimental runs 9). The impact test results showed that when vPLA was incorporated into PC-PLA, it acted as the centre of the built-in stress, resulting in an increased capacity for absorbing energy during the impact test and enhancing the impact strength [85]. In addition, owing to the increase in infill density, the interlayer adhesion between two consecutive layers increases, which improves the impact strength [86,87].…”

Section: Impact Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tensile test results also demonstrated low impact strength for the smaller layer height specimens printed at low-temperature (Figure 11). These defects originated from the poor interfacial bonding between vPLA and PC-PLA at lower nozzle temperature and layer height, which might have reduced the impact strength [84,85]. In addition, a lower layer height results in a higher number of bonding lines between the layers, which leads to a higher probability of void formation.…”

Section: Impact Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a lower layer height results in a higher number of bonding lines between the layers, which leads to a higher probability of void formation. This phenomenon contributes to the premature failure of the specimen, resulting in a lower impact strength [85,86]. Moreover, a lower nozzle temperature can potentially result in the formation of interlayer gaps, facilitating inadequate adhesion between layers during the printing process.…”

Section: Impact Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and Characterisation of Sustainable 3D Printed Parts Using Post-consumer PLA Plastic and Virgin PLA Blends

Hasan,

Davies,

Paramanik

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Sustainable manufacturing practices are becoming increasingly necessary due to the growing concerns regarding climate change and resource scarcity. Consequently, material recycling technologies have gradually become preferred over conventional processes. This study aimed to recycle waste polylactic acid (PLA) from household-disposed cups and lids to create 3D-printed parts and promote sustainable manufacturing practices. To achieve this, the current study utilised virgin and post-consumer PLA (sourced from household waste) blends. The PC-PLA wastes were shredded and sorted by size with the aid of a washing step, resulting in a filament with a 1.70 ± 0.5 mm diameter without fragmentation or dissolution. A 50:50 wt.% blend of virgin PLA (vPLA) and PC-PLA was selected as the standard recycling percentage based on previous research and resource conservation goals. The study investigated the impact of three 3D printing parameters (layer height (LH), infill density (I), and nozzle temperature (NT))on the quality of 3D-printed parts using a three-level L9 Taguchi orthogonal array. The findings revealed that blending PC-PLA with vPLA led to significant improvements in the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 18.40%, 8%, and 9.15%, respectively, compared to those of recycled PLA. This conclusion was supported by the investigation of the fracture surface area, which revealed fractographic features associated with printing parameters, such as plastic deformation and interfilament debonding. An ANOVA analysis revealed a positive influence of larger layer height and high nozzle temperature on the mechanical properties. Subsequently, the optimal printing parameters (LH: 0.3 mm, I: 100%, and NT: 215 °C) were determined using the S/N ratio, and a confirmation test using the optimum printing parameters exhibited a strong correlation with statistically predicted outcomes. Finally, the study used optimum printing parameters to fabricate 100% post-consumer recycled PLA 3D printed parts, demonstrating their potential for low-strength applications. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that virgin and post-consumer recycled PLA blended filament for fabricating 3D printed components is an effective way to support plastic recycling in the context of a circular economy.

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“…It was shown that the HKUST−1's crystalline structure, morphology, and textural properties, as well as CO 2 /CH 4 adsorption capacities, were preserved in the synthesized HKUST−1/PLA composite when compared to the pristine HKUST−1. However, the moisture stability was not significantly improved in comparison to the pristine HKUST−1 [47,48]. It is, therefore, interesting to discover whether the replacement of PLA with another less-hydrophilic thermoplastic polymer as a binding agent could improve the adsorbent moisture stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Hydrophilic HKUST−1/Polymer Extrudates for the PSA Separation of CO2/CH4

Rozaini,

Grekov,

Bustam

et al. 2024

Molecules

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HKUST−1 is an MOF adsorbent industrially produced in powder form and thus requires a post-shaping process for use as an adsorbent in fixed-bed separation processes. HKUST−1 is also sensitive to moisture, which degrades its crystalline structure. In this work, HKUST−1, in the form of crystalline powder, was extruded into pellets using a hydrophobic polymeric binder to improve its moisture stability. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was used for that purpose. The subsequent HKUST−1/TPU extrudate was then compared to HKUST−1/PLA extrudates synthesized with more hydrophilic polymer: polylactic acid (PLA), as the binder. The characterization of the composites was determined via XRD, TGA, SEM-EDS, and an N2 adsorption isotherm analysis. Meanwhile, the gas-separation performances of HKUST−1/TPU were investigated and compared with HKUST−1/PLA from measurements of CO2 and CH4 isotherms at three different temperatures, up to 10 bars. Lastly, the moisture stability of the composite materials was investigated via an aging analysis during storage under humid conditions. It is shown that HKUST−1’s crystalline structure was preserved in the HKUST−1/TPU extrudates. The composites also exhibited good thermal stability under 523 K, whilst their textural properties were not significantly modified compared with the pristine HKUST−1. Furthermore, both extrudates exhibited larger CO2 and CH4 adsorption capacities in comparison to the pristine HKUST−1. After three months of storage under atmospheric humid conditions, CO2 adsorption capacities were reduced to only 10% for HKUST−1/TPU, whereas reductions of about 25% and 54% were observed for HKUST−1/PLA and the pristine HKUST−1, respectively. This study demonstrates the interest in shaping MOF powders by extrusion using a hydrophobic thermoplastic binder to operate adsorbents with enhanced moisture stability in gas-separation columns.

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FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBS/PLA Blends

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBAT/PLA Blends

FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBAT/PLA Blends

Fabrication and Characterisation of Sustainable 3D Printed Parts Using Post-consumer PLA Plastic and Virgin PLA Blends

Low-Hydrophilic HKUST−1/Polymer Extrudates for the PSA Separation of CO2/CH4

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