FDTD Simulations of LEMP Propagation in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide Using Different Lightning Models

Kato, Norihiro; Yamamoto, Junya; Baba, Yoshihiro; Tran, Thang Huu; Rakov, Vladimir A.

doi:10.1109/temc.2021.3052929

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Very low frequency (VLF: 3-30 kHz) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] electromagnetic waves have been widely applied in the navigation, underwater communication, earthquake, and ionosphere detection, and so forth. The Omega and Alpha are common VLF ultra-long range navigation broadcasts that provide navigational aid for aviation, oceanic air, and marine shipping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element method study on VLF propagation in the fine Earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Liu,

Baraya,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Int J Numerical Modelling

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A fast and highly efficient frequency‐domain finite element method (FEM) is developed to simulate propagation characteristics of very low frequency (VLF) waves in the fine Earth‐ionosphere waveguide structure containing the transition period between day and night. The FEM is accelerated by embedding the GPU‐based parallel LU factorization method. We present an approach for determining the waveguide structure with the VLF transmitter and receiver locations. After validating the method, effects of the time‐ and location‐varying electric density on the amplitude and phase of the VLF wave are investigated. The electric density of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is revised by coupling with the solar zenith angle. Numerical results simulated using the revised IRI model show excellent agreement with the measured data for the VLF wave from Novosibirsk to Qingdao. This work provides a promising way to research VLF electromagnetic properties of the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide and improve the prediction accuracy of VLF navigation and communication.

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