Fe/Acid‐montmorillonite as effective Fenton‐like catalyst for the removal of methylene blue

Abstract

Background Most dyes are toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, all of which cause severe harm to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to find the most suitable method to treat dye wastewaters before discharge. In this study, the natural Ca‐type montmorillonite (Ca‐MMT) was activated by HNO3 (20 wt.%) solution under different temperatures to obtain acid‐activated MMT (Acid‐MMT). Fe (10 wt.%) was supported on Acid‐MMT (Fe/Acid‐MMT) via the impregnation method using Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as a precursor. Meanwhile, the removal of methylene blue (MB) by heterogeneous Fenton‐like reaction using Fe/Acid‐MMT as catalyst was evaluated. The material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoeletron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption at low temperature, and the temperature program desorption of NH3 (NH3‐TPD) techniques. Results The acidity and textural properties of the Acid‐MMT were adjusted by varying the acid activation temperature. Moreover, the amount of acidity and the surface area of the catalyst had a noticeable effect on the removal efficiency of MB. Fe‐supported Acid‐MMT activated by HNO3 at 100°C (Fe/Acid‐MMT‐100) catalyst exhibited the highest removal efficiency of MB. The removal efficiency of the MB was more than 97.8% under the following reaction conditions: H2O2 concentration of 0.85 mmol·L−1, Fe/Acid‐MMT‐100 dosage of 0.75 g°L−1, temperature of 50°C, and initial solution pH of 3.0–9.0. Conclusion An efficient Fe/Acid‐MMT catalyst for a Fenton‐like reaction was obtained by optimizing the acid treatment temperature of Ca‐MMT. The synergistic effect between its excellent adsorption ability and the ∙OH generated from H2O2 activated by Fe/Acid‐MMT would enhance MB removal efficiency in a Fenton‐like system. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Enhanced Heterogeneous Fenton Degradation of Organic Dyes by Bimetallic Zirconia-Based Catalysts

“…Cu-CB [48] exhibits 97% degradation at 30 • C but with a higher [cat]/[pollutant] ratio compared to ZrMnFe. FeNi/C-300 [55] and Fe/Acid-MMT [56] work at 45 and 50 • C, respectively, but for longer times and at higher [cat]/[pollutant] ratios compared to our system.…”

Study and Application Status of Ultrasound in Organic Wastewater Treatment

“…There are multiple transition metal elements that can initiate the Fenton-like catalytic process, including Fe, Cu, Mn, and Pb [63,64], while Fe-based catalysts and Cubased catalysts are common ones. Fe-based Fenton-like catalysts consist of synthetic catalysts such as MnFe 2 O 4 /biochar, Fe-Mo/rGo [15], Fe/Cu@γ-Al 2 O 3 [16], and Fe/Acidmontmorillonite [65], iron ores, solid waste such as coal fly ash, slag, and gangue [6,[66][67][68][69], and zero-valent iron. Table 3 summarizes the system, reaction conditions, and effects of typical ultrasound and FE methods for degrading organic wastewater.…”