“…Glasses containing transition metal ions (TMI) have attracted much attention due to their electrical [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], optical [8][9][10][11][12][13] and magnetic properties [14][15][16][17] which render them suitable for large practical and potential applications in many fields such as memory switching [18,19] electronics [5,6,12,15], catalysis [20][21][22] and magnetic information storage [10,14,16]. These properties of the TMI glasses arise from the presence of TMI in multivalent states [4,[23][24][25][26].…”