“…In contrast, the MoO 3 /TiO 2 -10 composite exhibits a slight positive shift of the peaks at 458.36 and 464.13 eV (0.24 and 0.28 eV, respectively) due to the presence of molybdenum in the lattice of titanium dioxide through the formation of Mo–O–Ti bonding. − The 1 s spectra of both samples are shown in Figure b. The fitted peaks at binding energies 529.9 and 531.4 eV of pure TiO 2 correspond to the crystal lattice oxygen (O L ) and chemisorbed oxygen (O C ), respectively. − Likewise, for the MoO 3 /TiO 2 -10 composite, the predominant peak at 529.78 eV represents the crystal lattice oxygen (Ti–O and Mo–O), and the peak at 531.2 eV is assigned to the chemisorbed oxygen, respectively. , It is worth noting that the MoO 3 /TiO 2 -10 composite can adsorb more oxygen, which is beneficial to enhance the gas sensing performance at room temperature. As illustrated in Figure c, the Mo 3d spectrum of the MoO 3 /TiO 2 -10 composite displays two peaks at 232.6 and 235.7 eV corresponding to the Mo 3d 2/5 and Mo 3d 3/2 , respectively. − Moreover, the nonstoichiometric Mo ions (Mo 5+ ) are present, which can act as active sites for oxygen ion adsorption and further as the adsorption center for catalytic oxidation of hydrogen gas. ,,, …”