“…Graphene-based devices, including photovoltaics [ 7 ], spintronic devices [ 8 ], gas sensors [ 9 ] and graphene-based composite materials [ 10 ], have attracted wide attention in the field of two-dimensional materials owing to their excellent electronic, mechanical, photonic and thermal characters [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In addition, graphene has been proved to be a promising carrier for single-atom catalysts (SACs) due to its orbital hybridization and charge transfer between the substrate and single atoms [ 23 , 24 ].…”