Fe(III) photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by low-molecular-weight organic acids with α-OH

Catalytic role of Cu(II) in the reduction of Cr(VI) by citric acid under an irradiation of simulated solar light

“…Kabir-ud-Din et al, 2000;Li et al, 2007;Lan et al, 2008;Sun et al, 2009). For example, Wittbrodt and Palmer (1996b) observed that 40% of 20 lM Cr(VI) was converted to Cr(III) by soil fulvic acid alone within 500 min at pH 2.0.…”

“…Fe(III) can significantly improve the reduction of Cr(VI) by low-molecular-weight organic acids under an irradiation. In the process of reaction, Fe(II) is released from Fe(III)-organic complex through a metal-ligandelectron transfer pathway, accompanied by other intermediates including R Å , HO Å , O 2 ÅÀ , CO 2 ÅÀ , and H 2 O 2 , which directly or indirectly converted Cr(VI) to Cr(III) stepwise Gaberell et al, 2003;Sun et al, 2009;Tian et al, 2010). Sun et al (2009) investigated Fe(III) photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by different organic acids.…”

Cr(VI) removal by biogenic schwertmannite in continuous flow column

“…In contrast, Cr(VI) species are known to be highly toxic and readily mobile in biological systems, causing serious health problems such as liver damage and pulmonary complications (Eary and Rai, 1988;Yurik and Pikaev, 1999). Therefore, Cr(VI) reduction methods for remediating Crcontaminated sites have been actively investigated, including conventional chemical reduction (Lan et al, 2005(Lan et al, , 2006Li et al, 2007); photocatalytic reduction (Gaberell et al, 2003;Sun et al, 2009;Tian et al, 2010); electrochemical reduction (Lakshmipathiraj et al, 2008;Olmez, 2009); and bioreduction (Cheung and Gu, 2007;Patra et al, 2010;Contreras et al, 2011). Cr(III), the product of Cr(VI) reduction, is subsequently removed from 2006; Zhou et al, 2007); however, the extremely fine particle sizes of schwertmannite render it very difficult to be utilized in combination with traditional filtration techniques in practice, i.e., solid-liquid separation (Eskandarpour et al, 2008).…”

Antioxidant capacity of Typha angustifolia extracts and two active flavonoids

“…The Fe (III) measurement was performed by modification of a previously reported method (Sun et al 2009). Briefly, 1 g pollen sample was extracted by 10 times of 95% ethanol and water, respectively.…”