Fe thin-film growth on Au(100): A self-surfactant effect and its limitations

Blüm, Volker; Rath, Ch.; Müller, Stefan; Hammer, Lutz; Heinz, K.; García, J. M.; Ortega, J. E.; Prieto, J. E.; Hernán, O. S.; Gallego, José M.; Parga, Amadeo L. Vázquez de; Miranda, Rodolfo

doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.15966

Cited by 60 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The resulting (28x5)Au(001) reconstructed surface, called Au(001)-hex, is characterized by low roughness, due to monoatomic steps only, and reconstruction ridges in two perpendicular domain directions [17]. Au(001)-hex surface is a good template for growing flat Fe films [17,18] for which a layer-by-layer growth mode is promoted by Au surfactant action. Atomic place exchange between Fe and Au atom occurs, leading to formation of Au monolayer on top of the Fe film.…”

Section: Fe-au Monoatomic Superlattices and Single Fe Films On Aumentioning

confidence: 99%

From Monoatomic Multilayers To Ordered Alloys

et al. 2000

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Recent progress in UHV preparation and characterization methods resulted in a large variety of novel materials. Among them, magnetic multilayers have become one of the mostly investigated system due to interesting phenomena like oscillating indirect exchange coupling, spin dependent electron transport, or large perpendicular anisotropies. An attractive possibility given by the molecular beam epitaxy is to grow the multilayer structures on atomic scale by the so-called atomic layer deposition. At the low thickness limit, a multilayer structure, in which few atomic layers of different metals are stacked alternately, is expected to be an artificial ordered alloy. Such artificial material, which does not exist in the equilibrium bulk phase, was constructed for the first time as the AuFe ordered alloy of the Ll0 structure. Our conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy studies of this system verified the existence of the tetragonal phase, which is responsible for the perpendicular anisotropy. The ordering process is influenced by the complicated growth of Fe on Au, as shown by the atomic scale scanning tunneling microscopy investigations. Other systems to be presented are FeAl (strong ordering mechanism in the bulk) and FeCr (miscible in the wide concentration range) monoatomic superlattices.

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Section: Fe-au Monoatomic Superlattices and Single Fe Films On Aumentioning

confidence: 99%

From Monoatomic Multilayers To Ordered Alloys

et al. 2000

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“…The step atoms as well as those surrounding the point defects were allowed to relax, but the rest of the atoms of the cluster were fixed to the known experimental values. [21][22][23] The calculations included full relativistic cores, as well as scalar relativistic corrections for the valence electrons. The oneelectron problem for the valence electrons ͑including d-states͒ was solved by expanding the single-particle wave functions in a localized muffin-tin orbital basis, 20 and the exchange and correlation contributions were evaluated using the local density approximation ͑LDA͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of point defects at charged Cu, Ag, and Au (100) surfaces

Müller

Ibach

2006

Phys. Rev. B

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We report ab initio values for the electrical dipole moment and for the formation and activation energies of adatoms and vacancies migrating on Cu, Ag, and Au ͑100͒ surfaces, and we discuss the effect of the electrical dipole energy of these point defects on the rate of mass transport along charged metal-electrolyte interfaces. We find that adatoms and vacancies exhibit positive surface dipole moments, which for positive electrode potentials tend to reduce the formation and activation energies and increase the mobility of the point defects. We also consider atom migration by an exchange process involving the intermediate formation of dimers, and find that the surface dipole moment of the Cu and Ag dimers is negative, which means that they tend to become more mobile for negative potentials. However, because of their large activation energies, we conclude that the exchange process is not likely to provide an energetically favorable mechanism for migration in these systems. The Au dimer has a small positive dipole moment, which implies that the exchange process may contribute to surface transport but only in neutral surfaces.

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“…Accordingly, one can infer that the out-of-plane magnetization which takes over after the film was annealed close to RT might be related to the presence of Au on the top. The Au floating mechanism was shown to be dictated by the growth mode of Fe on Au [22,23]. Nevertheless, the diffusion is enhanced as the temperature is increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the hypothesis of Au segregationinduced perpendicular magnetization, this result infers that the segregation mechanism is hindered in the case of the 3.2 ML thick Fe film, because the pinhole-like microscopical defects might be partly closed. It is known that the amount of gold floating on the surface decreases with increasing the Fe film thickness [23]. To increase the amount of Au at the top of the Fe film, which might be required to rotate the direction of magnetization perpendicular to the film plane, we deposited a little amount of Au, and the desired effect is obtained (loop 3 in figure 3(b), and case C in figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Au-induced perpendicular magnetization in Fe films grown on Si(001)

Zavaliche

Wulfhekel

Przybylski

et al. 2003

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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We report on Fe films grown on Au-buffered Si(001) showing perpendicular magnetization at ambient temperatures. The in-plane magnetization in ultra-thin Fe films grown at 150 K reorients irreversibly out-of-plane as a result of annealing close to room temperature. A Au cap layer which is expected to segregate to the top of the Fe film may be responsible for this behaviour. This hypothesis is based on the observation of an in-plane to out-of-plane reorientation of magnetization upon the growth of an ultra-thin Au cap layer on a slightly thicker Fe film. The origin of such a strong out-of-plane anisotropy of Fe induced by Au is discussed.

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Fe thin-film growth on Au(100): A self-surfactant effect and its limitations

Cited by 60 publications

References 55 publications

From Monoatomic Multilayers To Ordered Alloys

From Monoatomic Multilayers To Ordered Alloys

Migration of point defects at charged Cu, Ag, and Au (100) surfaces

Au-induced perpendicular magnetization in Fe films grown on Si(001)

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