Fe3O4-Carbon-Based Composite Derived from the Charge-Transfer Reaction Using Waste Tea Leaves as the Carbon Precursor for Enhanced Removing of Azocarmine G2, Methyl Violet 2B, Eosin B, and Toluidine Blue from Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Ferric chloride salt (FeCl3) is a typical vacant orbital acceptor that accepts electrons from urea molecules. This donor-acceptor interaction yields a Fe3O4 oxide, which can be used for preparing novel adsorbent material. Activated carbon (AC) materials, derived from biomass precursors and used for environmental remediation, have gained increasing attention owing to their sustainability, eco-friendly nature, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness. Globally, a large amount of consumed tea leaf materials is discarded as solid waste. The present study aimed to reuse consumed tea leaves to generate biomass-derived-ACs and coupling AC with Fe3O4 oxide to generate Fe3O4-carbon-based composite for environmental remediation. The synthesized Fe3O4-carbon-based composite was examined to remove four common organic pollutant dye models from an aqueous solution. The effects of several parameters on the adsorption capacity of the synthesized composite were analyzed, and equilibrium data were examined. We found that the synthesized composite displayed promising adsorption activity against the investigated dyes.

Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Porous Carbon by Direct Pyrolysis of Anacardium occidentale Nut-Skin Waste and Its Utilization towards Supercapacitors

“…This disordered nature might be due to the presence of abundant functional groups in AO-PC. Generally, the D-to-G-band ratio (I D /I G ) determines the graphitization of the carbon materials [ 37 ]. Here, the I D /I G ratio was calculated as 0.95, reflecting a good graphitization with a partially amorphous portion in the as-prepared AO-PC material, resulting in a moderate degree of graphitization.…”

“…This disordered nature might be due to the presence of abundant functional groups in AO-PC. Generally, the D-to-G-band ratio (I D /I G ) determines the graphitization of the carbon materials [37].…”

Metal-urea complexes as primary precursors to generate VO2, ZrO2, NbO2, TaO2, Ga2O3 and TeO2 oxides in the nanoscale range by thermal decomposition route

“…Metal-urea complexes were synthesized as follows [9][10][11][12][13]: (i) Six beakers containing 1.0 mmol of each metal chloride salt were dissolved in 25 mL of MeOH solvent (VCl3, ZrOCl28H2O, NbCl5, TaCl5, GaCl3, and TeCl4). Gently heat was used to complete the dissolving of the metal salts.…”

“…The VO2, ZrO2, NbO2, TaO2, Ga2O3, and TeO2 oxides in the nanoscale range were generated by the thermal decomposition of the corresponding primary precursors at 600 °C for 3 hours in ambient air in an electric furnace. After grinding the resulting oxides into a fine powder with particle sizes of approximately ~ 5-6 mm, they were subjected to FT-IR and TEM analyses [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Synthesis of Low-Cost, Bio-Based Novel Adsorbent Material Using Charge-Transfer Interaction for Water Treatment from Several Pollutants: Waste to Worth

“…This carbon material was chemically activated by mixing it with KOH via a 1:3 wt ratio (2 g of carbon material with 6 g of KOH) in a porcelain mortar and crushing the two components into the finest possible powder with a porcelain pestle. The resultant fine mixture was carbonized for 3 h at 600 • C in a tubular furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere which generated the desired activated carbons, which were then cleaned with DI water to remove the potassium compounds and electrical oven dried at 80 • C for 3 h [27][28][29][30][31].…”