Fear and power-dominance motivation: proposed contributions of peptide hormones present in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma

Sewards, Terence V.; Sewards, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00034-4

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 209 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The reviewed data concerning the CSF flow and the distribution of messages support earlier proposals by Sewards and Sewards [27,28] concerning vasopressin and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). In a recent paper, the presence of neuroendocrine signalling molecules in the CSF, led to the conclusion that they play an active role in the function of the nervous system [29], in full agreement with our proposal.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Active release of neuropeptides from brain areas bordering the ventricular system with the aim or at least the effect of influencing downstream brain areas at a distance, has been repeatedly observed for a range of different neuropeptides and transmitters [12,14,36,42,99,102,108,123,129-131,136,184,186-188]. Sewards and Sewards [28] discussed extensively the evidence available for the neuropeptides vasopressin and corticotrophin-releasing-hormone, and concluded that these were actively secreted into the CSF to influence downstream receptive areas involved in specific kinds of behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sewards and Sewards [28] proposed that the presence of elevated CSF levels of CRF are involved in the motivation of fear while the presence of vasopressin is involved in the power-dominance drive motivation. They hypothesized that the elevated neuropeptide levels in the CSF are detected and transduced into neuronal activities by, predominantly, hypothalamic neurons in the vicinity of the third ventricle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The regulation of brain states by neuroactive substances distributed via the cerebrospinal fluid; a review

Veening

Barendregt

2010

Fluids Barriers CNS

144

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system provides nutrients to and removes waste products from the brain. Recent findings suggest, however, that in addition, the CSF contains message molecules in the form of actively released neuroactive substances. The concentrations of these vary between locations, suggesting they are important for the changes in brain activity that underlie different brain states, and induce different sensory input and behavioral output relationships.The cranial CSF displays a rapid caudally-directed ventricular flow followed by a slower rostrally-directed subarachnoid flow (mainly towards the cribriform plate and from there into the nasal lymphatics). Thus, many brain areas are exposed to and can be influenced by substances contained in the CSF. In this review we discuss the production and flow of the CSF, including the mechanisms involved in the regulation of its composition. In addition, the available evidence for the release of neuropeptides and other neuroactive substances into the CSF is reviewed, with particular attention to the selective effects of these on distant downstream receptive brain areas. As a conclusion we suggest that (1) the flowing CSF is involved in more than just nutrient and waste control, but is also used as a broadcasting system consisting of coordinated messages to a variety of nearby and distant brain areas; (2) this special form of volume transmission underlies changes in behavioral states.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The regulation of brain states by neuroactive substances distributed via the cerebrospinal fluid; a review

Veening

Barendregt

2010

Fluids Barriers CNS

144

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Beta-END was involved from the beginning in the development of the concept of volume transmission including the flow of CSF, as one of the distribution mechanisms [1-3,51,56,160-166]. Long-distance VT via the CSF has been implicated for a number of other neuromessengers: vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) [48,49], oxytocin [4], melatonin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone as well as for factors influencing food-intake [57-66]. …”

Section: β-End In the Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of transport has been described as long-distance volume transmission (VT) [1-3,39,47-56]. For a few neuropeptides, the evidence favoring such a message function for the CSF has been reviewed in more detail: for vasopressin, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) [48,49], and for oxytocin (OT) [4]. For other substances, like melatonin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone as well as for factors influencing food intake, the evidence is convincing that substances, released into the ventricular system at a specific site, exert their effects at a different brain location, arriving there by moving with the flow of the CSF [57-66].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume transmission of beta-endorphin via the cerebrospinal fluid; a review

Veening

Gerrits

Barendregt

2012

Fluids Barriers CNS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is increasing evidence that non-synaptic communication by volume transmission in the flowing CSF plays an important role in neural mechanisms, especially for extending the duration of behavioral effects. In the present review, we explore the mechanisms involved in the behavioral and physiological effects of β-endorphin (β-END), especially those involving the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as a message transport system to reach distant brain areas. The major source of β-END are the pro-opio-melano-cortin (POMC) neurons, located in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (ARH), bordering the 3rd ventricle. In addition, numerous varicose β-END-immunoreactive fibers are situated close to the ventricular surfaces. In the present paper we surveyed the evidence that volume transmission via the CSF can be considered as an option for messages to reach remote brain areas. Some of the points discussed in the present review are: release mechanisms of β-END, independence of peripheral versus central levels, central β-END migration over considerable distances, behavioral effects of β-END depend on location of ventricular administration, and abundance of mu and delta opioid receptors in the periventricular regions of the brain.

show abstract