Fear extinction learning and retention during adolescence in rats and mice: A systematic review

Bisby, Madelyne A.; Stylianakis, Anthea A.; Baker, Kathryn; Richardson, Rick

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.044

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Several studies, carried out in rats, reported elevated fear recovery and problems with extinction retention in male adolescents (Kim et al, 2011;McCallum et al, 2010). Interestingly, while there are some notable differences in fear processing between mice and rats (Bisby et al, 2021), our results closely matched those obtained in adolescent rats (Kim et al, 2011;McCallum et al, 2010). McCallum and peers also showed that doubling the number of extinction trials can significantly improve long-term extinction in adolescents (McCallum et al, 2010), which led us to conduct extinction Fig.…”

Section: Adolescence Is Marked By Impaired Fear Extinction Consolidat...supporting

confidence: 85%

“…However, females have only just begun producing significant concentrations of gonadal hormones during adolescence (Bell, 2018), with elevated estradiol even associated with less efficient extinction (Perry et al, 2020), suggesting that other mechanisms could be responsible for the absence of developmental impairment in females' extinction learning. We should also note here that Perry and colleagues examined fear extinction in rats, and this should be considered when discussing extinction of adolescent mice, due to species-related differences in fear processing of rats and mice (Bisby et al, 2021).…”

Section: Adolescence Is Marked By Impaired Fear Extinction Consolidat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-specific role of hippocampal NMDA-Erk-mTOR signaling in fear extinction of adolescent mice

Glavonic

Mitić²,

Francija³

et al. 2023

Brain Research Bulletin

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Section: Adolescence Is Marked By Impaired Fear Extinction Consolidat...supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Adolescence Is Marked By Impaired Fear Extinction Consolidat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific role of hippocampal NMDA-Erk-mTOR signaling in fear extinction of adolescent mice

Glavonic

Mitić²,

Francija³

et al. 2023

Brain Research Bulletin

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“…The longer CS duration at test than at conditioning and extinction is a standard procedure in many of our studies on fear extinction retention in developing and adult rats (e.g., McCallum et al, 2010 ). However, as noted in a recent systematic review, adolescent rats exhibit comparable impairment in extinction whether the CS is presented continuously for 2 min or via multiple 10 s presentations (see Bisby et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Past research has shown that, compared to juvenile and adult animals, non-stressed adolescents have diminished extinction retention ( McCallum et al, 2010 ; Pattwell et al, 2012 ; Bisby et al, 2021 ). However, this extinction retention deficit can be ameliorated by an injection of a partial NMDA receptor agonist (i.e., DCS) or giving extended extinction training ( McCallum et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The retention of extinction can be assessed later by presenting the CS again and involves the retrieval of a safety memory that competes for expression with the original fear memory ( Bouton, 2004 ; Lonsdorf et al, 2019 ). Diminished retention of cued fear extinction is reported in adolescent rats relative to older and younger animals despite a similar reduction in fear responses during extinction training while adolescent mice exhibit deficits in extinction learning and retention of both cued and context fear (for review see Bisby et al, 2021 ). Diminished learning or retention of cued fear extinction has also been reported in humans (e.g., Pattwell et al, 2012 ; Ganella et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacological Enhancement of Extinction Retention in Non-stressed Adolescent Rats but Not Those Exposed to Chronic Corticosterone

2022

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Individuals exposed to chronic adverse experiences in childhood and adolescence are at increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric illnesses such as mood and anxiety disorders. Symptoms of anxiety disorders can often be reduced through exposure therapy, which is based on the process of extinction. Although chronic stress in adolescence is known to exacerbate the impaired extinction of learned fear during this period of development, it remains unclear whether exposure to stressors in adolescence qualitatively affects the mechanisms underlying fear extinction. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its principle receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), are involved in neuroplasticity underlying fear extinction. The small-molecule TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) improves fear extinction and reduces fear relapse (reinstatement) in adult mice when administered prior to extinction training but its effects in younger ages are unknown. In this study we tested whether 7,8-DHF enhances extinction retention and leads to less renewal in both stressed and non-stressed adolescent rats. Pre-extinction injection of 7,8-DHF led to lower levels of CS-elicited freezing in both the extinction and conditioning contexts in non-stressed adolescent male rats, but not in those given 7 days of corticosterone. These findings indicate that chronic stress interferes with the effectiveness of pharmacological agonism of TrkB in enhancing fear extinction in adolescence. A greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying extinction in adolescence and the effect of chronic corticosterone exposure on those mechanisms may inform a deeper understanding of the etiology and treatment of pediatric stress-related disorders.

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Minimizing Variability in Developmental Fear Studies in Mice: Toward Improved Replicability in the Field

Premachandran,

Wilkin,

Arruda‐Carvalho

2024

Current Protocols

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In rodents, the first weeks of postnatal life feature remarkable changes in fear memory acquisition, retention, extinction, and discrimination. Early development is also marked by profound changes in brain circuits underlying fear memory processing, with heightened sensitivity to environmental influences and stress, providing a powerful model to study the intersection between brain structure, function, and the impacts of stress. Nevertheless, difficulties related to breeding and housing young rodents, preweaning manipulations, and potential increased variability within that population pose considerable challenges to developmental fear research. Here we discuss several factors that may promote variability in studies examining fear conditioning in young rodents and provide recommendations to increase replicability. We focus primarily on experimental conditions, design, and analysis of rodent fear data, with an emphasis on mouse studies. The convergence of anatomical, synaptic, physiological, and behavioral changes during early life may increase variability, but careful practice and transparency in reporting may improve rigor and consensus in the field. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Fear extinction learning and retention during adolescence in rats and mice: A systematic review

Cited by 12 publications

References 94 publications

Sex-specific role of hippocampal NMDA-Erk-mTOR signaling in fear extinction of adolescent mice

Sex-specific role of hippocampal NMDA-Erk-mTOR signaling in fear extinction of adolescent mice

Pharmacological Enhancement of Extinction Retention in Non-stressed Adolescent Rats but Not Those Exposed to Chronic Corticosterone

Minimizing Variability in Developmental Fear Studies in Mice: Toward Improved Replicability in the Field

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