2008
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02002.x
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Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history

Abstract: Objective To examine fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history.Design A questionnaire study.Population and setting 1400 unselected pregnant women in outpatient maternity clinics of a university central hospital.Methods Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) and preferred mode of delivery.Main outcome measures W-DEQ and VAS scores according to parity, gestational age, obstetric history, and preferred mode of delivery.Result… Show more

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Cited by 290 publications
(250 citation statements)
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References 34 publications
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“…It has been associated with factors such as nulliparity (Rouhe, Salmela-Aro, Halmesmaki, & Saisto, 2009), increased gestation (Rouhe et al, 2009), poor mental health (Laursen, Hedegaard, & Johansen, 2008;Storksen, Eberhard-Gran, Garthus-Niegel, & Eskild, 2012), a history of abuse (Lukasse, Vangen, Oian, & Schei, 2011;Nerum, Halvorsen, Sorlie, & Oian, 2006), younger age (Laursen et al, 2008), lower education (Laursen et al, 2008), and low self-efficacy (Salomonsson, Gullberg, Alehagen, & Wijma, 2013). Although fear of childbirth is more common in nulliparous women, women who have a negative or traumatic experience of birth are almost five times more likely to report fear of childbirth in a subsequent pregnancy (Storksen, Garthus-Niegel, Vangen, & Eberhard-Gran, 2013).…”
Section: Fear Of Childbirthmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…It has been associated with factors such as nulliparity (Rouhe, Salmela-Aro, Halmesmaki, & Saisto, 2009), increased gestation (Rouhe et al, 2009), poor mental health (Laursen, Hedegaard, & Johansen, 2008;Storksen, Eberhard-Gran, Garthus-Niegel, & Eskild, 2012), a history of abuse (Lukasse, Vangen, Oian, & Schei, 2011;Nerum, Halvorsen, Sorlie, & Oian, 2006), younger age (Laursen et al, 2008), lower education (Laursen et al, 2008), and low self-efficacy (Salomonsson, Gullberg, Alehagen, & Wijma, 2013). Although fear of childbirth is more common in nulliparous women, women who have a negative or traumatic experience of birth are almost five times more likely to report fear of childbirth in a subsequent pregnancy (Storksen, Garthus-Niegel, Vangen, & Eberhard-Gran, 2013).…”
Section: Fear Of Childbirthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There is good evidence from large epidemiological studies that women with fear of childbirth are more likely to want interventions such as epidural analgesia and caesarean sections (Nieminen et al, 2009;Rouhe et al, 2009). Evidence on the relationship between fear of childbirth and birth outcomes is inconsistent, however the balance of evidence suggests fear of birth is associated with negative outcomes such as increased labour duration (Adams, Eberhard-Gran, & Eskild, 2012) and caesarean section (Laursen et al, 2009;Sydsjo et al, 2013;Waldenstrom, Hildingsson, & Ryding, 2006).…”
Section: Fear Of Childbirthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Questions are presented in positive and negative formats on a six point Likert scale from 0 -5 requiring reverse scoring of positively formulated questions. A score equal to or lower than 37 is considered low fear, a score between 38 and 65 equates to moderate fear and a score equal to or higher than 66 represents a high level of fear [20].…”
Section: W-deqmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During childbirth, fear leads to an increased perception of pain (Lang, Sorrell, Rodgers & Lebeck, 2006), potentially causing the woman to request an elective caesarean section (Saisto, Salmela-Aro, Nurmi, & Halmesmäki, 2001;Hildingsson et al, 2002;Saisto, & Halmesmäki. 2003;Bahl et al, 2004), prolong labour, and contribute to a negative birth experience and low satisfaction levels with childbirth (Larsen, O'Hara, Brewer, & Wenzel, 2001;Hildingsson et al, 2002;Johnson, & Slade 2002;Melender, 2002;Hofberg, & Ward, 2003;Saisto, & Halmesmäki, 2003;Wax Cartin, Pinette, & Blackstone, 2004;Waldenstrom, Lang et al, 2006;Hildingsson, 2008;Rouhe, Salmela-Aro, Halmesmäki, & Saisto, 2008;Nilsson & Lundgren, 2009;Fenwick, Gamble, Nathan, Bayes, & Hauck, 2009). Compared to available international data, evidence on the extent and causes of childbirth fear in the Portuguese population is limited.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%