Fear of Crime in Urban Residential Neighborhoods: Implications of Between- and Within-Neighborhood Sources for Current Models

Covington, Jeanette; Taylor, Ralph B.

doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1991.tb00355.x

Cited by 446 publications

(401 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…An exception to the lack of independent observations of disorder at the level of ecological units rather than persons is found in research by Taylor and colleagues (Taylor, Shumaker, and Gottfredson 1985;Taylor, Gottfredson, and Brower 1984;Covington and Taylor 1991;Perkins et al 1992;Perkins and Taylor 1996; see also Mazerolle, Kadleck, and Roehl 1998). 5 Using observations conducted by teams of trained raters walking the streets, Taylor et al (1985) assessed 20% of all occupied face blocks in 66 Baltimore neighborhoods.…”

Section: Systematic Social Observation Of Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods

Sampson

Raudenbush

1999

American Journal of Sociology

1,944

1,656

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This article assesses the sources and consequences of public disorder. Based on the videotaping and systematic rating of more than 23,000 street segments in Chicago, highly reliable scales of social and physical disorder for 196 neighborhoods are constructed. Census data, police records, and an independent survey of more than 3,500 residents are then integrated to test a theory of collective efficacy and structural constraints. Defined as cohesion among residents combined with shared expectations for the social control of public space, collective efficacy explains lower rates of crime and observed disorder after controlling neighborhood structural characteristics. Collective efficacy is also linked to lower rates of violent crime after accounting for disorder and the reciprocal effects of violence. Contrary to the "broken windows" theory, however, the relationship between public disorder and crime is spurious except perhaps for robbery.The answer to the question of how city life was to be possible, then, is this. Visual signs of social and physical disorder in public spaces reflect powerfully on our inferences about urban communities. By social disorder, we refer to behavior usually involving strangers and considered threatening, 1 We thank Tony Earls, Albert J. Reiss Jr., Steve Buka, Jeffrey Morenoff, Richard Congdon, and Matheos Yosef for their help in this project, and the NORC team led by Woody Carter, Cindy Veldman, Jody Dougherty, and Ron Boyd for heroic efforts in data collection. John Laub and the AJS reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. The long-standing interest of Albert J. Reiss, Jr., in systematic social

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Section: Systematic Social Observation Of Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods

Sampson

Raudenbush

1999

American Journal of Sociology

1,944

1,656

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Variation in self-reported levels of FOC generally do not reflect local crime rates, particularly when individual-level factors such as social class are controlled for (DuBow, McCabe, & Kaplin, 1979;Taylor & Hale, 1986;Taylor & Shumaker, 1990). Research has shown that levels of FOC are in fact inversely related to real-world estimates of victimization risk (Akers, La Greca, Sellers, & Cochran, 1987;Covington & Taylor 1991;Lebowitz, 1975;Yin, 1980Yin, , 1985. This phenomenon, often referred to as the paradox of fear, has been the subject of much research.…”

Section: Fear Of Crime As a Key Environmental Determinant Of Mental Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incivilities, or physical signs of social disorder such as litter, graffiti, and abandoned buildings, have been shown to correlate with local FOC (Covington & Taylor, 1991;R. B. Taylor & Covington, 1993;Sampson & Raudenbush, 2004).…”

Section: Fear Of Crime As a Key Environmental Determinant Of Mental Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scared Sick

Collins

Marrone

2015

Sage Open

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The factors that determne the health and well-being of older populations are increasingly recognized as critical public health issues. The focus of this review article is to provide evidence for the role of fear of crime in determining the mental health of older populations. The fear of crime is a complex construct, as the vast majority of fear is not related to actual rates of victimization. Here, we synthesize the literature on fear of crime and how the physical and social environment can profoundly affect mental health outcomes. The review presents some plausible physiological mechanisms by which fear of crime may directly or indirectly affect the life span development of the brain to modulate mental health in an effort to aid further development of research in this area.

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“…Ancak bu yaklaşım ile ilgili bilimsel çalışmalar çoğunlukla Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde yaşayan insanlar esas alınarak yapıldığı için kültür, ırk, etnik yapı gibi tabirlerin başka toplumlar için daha başka anlamlar ihtiva edebileceği, aynı anlamları ihtiva etse bile suç korkusu üzerindeki etkilerinin çok daha farklı olabileceği akıldan çıkarılmamalıdır (Covington/ Taylor, 1991).…”

Section: Sosyal Kontrol Perspektifiunclassified

Suç Korkusu:nedenleri̇, Sonuçlari Ve Güvenli̇k Poli̇ti̇kalari İkli̇şki̇si̇

Osman;ULUDAĞ¹

2010

Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi

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Suç korkusu, suçla çok yakından ilgili olmakla birlikte suçtan bağımsız bir olgudur. Suç oranlarının artışına paralel olarak artan suç korkusunun suç oranlarındaki düşüşle birlikte düşmediği pek çok araştırma sonucu elde edilen ortak bir bulgudur. Suç korkusu, suçun önlenebilmesi ve kontrol altına alınabilmesi için en çok ihtiyaç duyulan toplumsal dayanışmayı zedelediği için suçla mücadeleyi zorlaştırıcı bir özelliğe sahiptir. Bu nedenle de, suçla mücadele çalışmaları yanı sıra korkusuyla başa çıkabilmek için özel olarak dizayn edilmiş programların geliştirilmesine ve uygulanmasına büyük bir ihtiyaç vardır. Ancak ülkemizde, konuya ilişin gerek güvenlik birimlerine ve gerekse de güvenlik politikalarına yön veren insanlara rehberlik edebilecek yeterli düzeyde bilimsel veri bulunmamaktadır. Pek çok uluslararası örneği bulunan suç korkusu araştırmalarının Türkiye'de yalnızca birkaç lokal çalışma ile sınırlı kaldığı ve ulusal çapta yapılmış bir örneğinin ise bulunmadığı hemen göze çarpmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu makale ile bu tür araştırmalarda ele alınması gereken teorik ve pratik konuların neler olduğuna ilişkin bir yol haritası ortaya koyulacak ve ulusal çapta bir suç korkusu araştırması ile elde edilecek faydalar ilgililerin dikkatlerine sunulacaktır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Suç korkusu, suç mağduriyeti korkusu, güvenlik endişesi, güvenlik algısı, güvenlik politikaları. Fear of Crime: Causes, Consequences, and its Relation with Justice Policy AbstractAlthough closely related concepts, fear of crime is independent of crime. Many studies in criminological literature suggest that fear of crime increases parallel to the increase in crime but it does not decrease with the decrease in crime. The fear of crime makes the fight against crime more difficult as it harms the social cohesion and trust which are among the most needed elements in preventing and controlling crime. For this reason, in addition to activities for the fight against crime, there is a great need to develop and implement programs specially designed to overcome fear of crime. However, there is not enough research initiatives and empirical knowledge in the Turkish context to guide the police and people who shape security policies. Even though many national and cross national studies on fear of crime have been conducted in the international arena it draws the attention that, there are only a few local studies and there is not any single national study to measure and assess the scope and nature of this problem in Turkey. Thus, in this article we present a guideline for the theoretical and practical issues that need to be dealt with in these research projects. Finally, we discussed the expected benefits of a national study on fear of crime.

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Fear of Crime in Urban Residential Neighborhoods: Implications of Between- and Within-Neighborhood Sources for Current Models

Cited by 446 publications

References 20 publications

Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods

Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods

Scared Sick

Suç Korkusu:nedenleri̇, Sonuçlari Ve Güvenli̇k Poli̇ti̇kalari İkli̇şki̇si̇

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