Fear Perception of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Peru

Abstract

Fear is a natural response to something unknown. In the current scenario, it is important to assess it in relation to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in Latin American countries. Objective: To determine the fear perception according to factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted based on a virtual questionnaire. The main question was "how much fear people had of COVID-19?", using a scale from zero (without fear) to 10 (very fear). This scale was divided into tertiles, and the upper tertile was the reference category (compared to the middle and lower tertiles). Statistical significances between fear perception of COVID-19 and sociodemographic data were calculated. Results: A total of 3887 participants responded the questionnaire about fear perception. In the multivariate analysis was found that women (adjusted prevalence ratio (

Public fear of COVID-19 vaccines in Iraqi Kurdistan region: a cross-sectional study

“…Women experience more health anxiety than males as a result of a public health issue and they experience more fear, and this can be observed due to gender differences [ 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, women were the most affected in a study conducted in Peru among 3887 persons on the fear perception of the COVID-19 vaccination [ 2 ], as it was in Iraq [ 23 ], which is consistent with the ongoing study. Another notable finding in this study is that young people and mature adults were more fearful of the COVID-19 vaccines, which is consistent with other studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan area [ 24 ], Iraq [ 23 ], Austria [ 25 ], and the UK [ 26 ].…”

“…Hence, based on an available review, 10-point Likert-type scales were chosen to assess the level of fear of vaccination. They had been successfully used in multiple cross-sectional studies analyzing vaccine fear, vaccine acceptance, and perceived risk of vaccination [ 2 , 11 – 14 ]. On this scale, individuals are asked to provide a score between 0 and 10 for their level of fear of being vaccinated against SARS-Cov2, ranging from “0-no fear” to “10-very high level of fear.” After completion of data collection, the studied population was divided into three scores of fear which range from 0 to 3 “least fear”, 4 to 6 “medium fear”, and 7 to 10 “highest fear” (2).…”

“…The COVID-19 pandemic has already had a massive effect on communities around the world, with limits on travel and other preventive measures, including obligatory face coverings or quarantine being implemented to control the spreading of the virus [ 1 , 2 ]. Nevertheless, it is known that such preventive steps may not be adequate to stop COVID-19 from spreading.…”

Effects of vaccination against COVID-19 on the emotional health of Peruvian older adults

“…For example, Peru is one of the countries with the highest mortality rate from COVID-19 per million inhabitants in the world (Taylor, 2021) and has had a significant economic and social impact (Varona and Gonzales, 2021). In this context, high levels of worry, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 have been described in people living in Peru (Caycho-Rodríguez et al, 2021c;Mejia et al, 2020;Porter et al, 2021).…”

Psychological Factors Related to Fear of COVID-19 in the General Salvadoran Population

“…When contrasting the levels of severity in the category of anxiety due to COVID-19, and based on gender and age, the study found that there is an association between gender and anxiety due to COVID-19 [X 2 (3, N = 1440) = 30.48; p = .001; V = .15], and that women are the ones who present moderate, severe and very severe anxiety levels (59,1%) [7]. International researches demonstrate that the fear to become infected of COVID-19 is higher in women, people between the ages of 20-29 years-old, 30-39 years-old, 50-59 years-old and older than 60 years-old, as well as those people who had of become infected of COVID-19 [14].…”