Feasibility and Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy for Nipple Lesions: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background Due to the superficial location, suspicious findings of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) are not amenable to stereotactic or MRI-guided sampling and have historically necessitated surgical biopsy or skin-punch biopsy. There are limited reports of US-guided core biopsy of the nipple (US-CBN). Objective We report our nearly 3-year pilot experience with US-CBN at an academic breast imaging center. Methods An institutional review board–exempt and HIPAA-compliant retrospective review was performed. We assessed patient demographics, breast imaging characteristics, procedural data, pathology, and outcomes. Results Nine female patients aged 27 to 64 underwent US-CBN from January 2021 to October 2023. Initial imaging abnormalities included abnormal MRI enhancement, mammographic calcifications, and sonographic masses. After initial or second-look US, all imaging findings had sonographic correlates for biopsy specimens, the majority of which were sonographic masses (8/9). US-CBN was performed by 6 breast radiologists using a variety of devices. All biopsy specimen results were concordant with sonographic abnormalities, although 1 was considered discordant from the initial abnormality seen on MRI. There were no complications, and discomfort during the procedure was well-treated. Two patients (22%, 2/9) were diagnosed with malignancy. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated that US-CBN can be performed by a breast radiologist for definitive diagnosis of suspicious nipple abnormalities seen on breast imaging, avoiding surgery, and maintaining nipple integrity. In our population, 22% (2/9) of US-CBNs revealed malignancy.