Feasibility and Design of Seabed Gallery Intake Systems Along the Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia with Discussion of Design Criteria and Methods

Missimer, Thomas M.; Dehwah, Abdullah H.A.; Lujan, Luis R.; Mantilla, David; Al-Mashharawi, Samir

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13203-7_11

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These natural filtration–based intakes also remove significant parts of the smaller-sized organic matter, including transparent exopolymer particles and the biopolymer fraction of natural organic matter (Missimer 2009 ; Missimer et al 2013 ; Rachman et al 2014 ; Dehwah et al 2015 ; Dehwah and Missimer 2016 ; Dehwah and Missimer 2017 ). This technology uses either shallow wells located adjacent to the shoreline or some type of gallery intake and has been used successfully to remove organic materials from the raw seawater that allows seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants to operate more economically with addition of chemicals (e.g., chlorine) and less cleaning of the membranes (Missimer et al 2015 ). This technology could also be used to pretreatment ship’s ballast to remove invasive species.…”

Section: Strategies For Control Of Ballast Water Biological Contaminamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green method of stemming the tide of invasive marine and freshwater organisms by natural filtration of shipping ballast water

Kumar

Ragumaran

Nandagopal

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Marine and freshwater pollution caused by transport of invasive species in shipping ballast water is a major global problem and will increase in magnitude as shipping of commodities increases in the future. An economical method to preclude biological organisms in the seawater used for ballast is to exclude them at the source port. Integrated natural filtration using onshore wells or seabed gallery systems has been thoroughly investigated for use as pretreatment for seawater desalination systems and has proven to be environmentally acceptable and economic. Thus, the use of this proven filtration technology to another issue, ballast water treatment, is an innovative method of providing marine organism free seawater by non-destructive means in port-based facilities. This method is ecosystem-friendly in that no chemicals or destructive processes are used. Design and construction of well or seabed gallery intake systems for production of ballast seawater are feasible in virtually all global port facilities.

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Section: Strategies For Control Of Ballast Water Biological Contaminamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 ; Hanamo et al 2006 ; Shimokawa 2012 ). The design criteria for seabed gallery systems are discussed in detail by Missimer et al ( 2015 ). This type of intake can be constructed near the shoreline or offshore depending on localized conditions, such as the sedimentation rate.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Technical Feasibility And Effectiveness Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green method of stemming the tide of invasive marine and freshwater organisms by natural filtration of shipping ballast water

Kumar

Ragumaran

Nandagopal

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Gallery intake systems have the potential to supply raw seawater to large-capacity SWRO facilities (Dehwah et al, 2014). There are two types of gallery intake systems, which are beach galleries that are constructed beneath the intertidal part of the beach (Maliva and Missimer, 2010) and seabed galleries which are constructed in offshore subtidal areas (Missimer, 2009;Missimer et al, 2015). There are no large-capacity beach gallery intake systems being used to supply an SWRO facility and only one large-scale operational SWRO plant using a seabed M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 4 gallery.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical slow sand filtration media consists of medium to fine grain size quartz sand. Since the gallery intake would be constructed within the seabed, the composition of the upper part of the media in the Red Sea and many other subtropical or tropical locations will vary between quartz sand and carbonate sand (Missimer et al, 2015). It has been suggested that carbonate sand may be more bioactive compared to quartz sand based on organic compound assimilation studied in reef sediments.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seabed gallery intakes: Investigation of the water pretreatment effectiveness of the active layer using a long-term column experiment

Dehwah

Missimer

2017

Water Research

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Seabed gallery intake systems used for seawater reverse osmosis facilities employ the same principle of water treatment as slow sand filtration in freshwater systems. An investigation concerning the effectiveness of the active layer (top layer) in improving raw water quality was conducted by using a long-term bench-scale columns experiment. Two different media types, silica and carbonate sand, were tested in 1 m columns to evaluate the effectiveness of media type in terms of algae, bacteria, Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) removal over a period of 620 days. Nearly all algae in the silica sand column, 87% (σ = 0.04) of the bacteria, 59% (σ = 0.11) of the biopolymer fraction of NOM, 59% (σ = 0.16) of particulate and 32% (σ = 0.25) of colloidal TEP were removed during the last 330 days of the experiment. Total removal was observed in the carbonate sand column for algal concentration, while the bacterial removal was lower at 74% (σ = 0.08). Removal of biopolymers, particulate and colloidal TEP were higher in the carbonate column during the last 330 days with 72% (σ = 0.15), 66% (σ = 0.08) and 36% (σ = 0.12) removed for these organics respectively. Removal of these key organics through the 1 m thick column, representing the active layer, will likely reduce the rate of biofouling, reduce chemical usage and minimize operating cost in SWRO systems. The data show that the media will require several months at the beginning of operation to reach equilibrium so that high organic removal rates can be achieved. No development of a "schmutzdecke" layer occurred. The experimental results suggest that unlike freshwater slow sand filtration wherein most water treatment occurs in the upper 10 cm, in seawater systems treatment occurs throughout the full active layer depth of 1 m. The results of this study will help in designing and operating seabed gallery intake systems in varied geological conditions.

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“…While it is unlikely that membrane biofouling can ever be eliminated, the rate of biofouling can be controlled by using extensive pretreatment processes [4,5] designed to remove inorganic and organic particulates including algae, fineorganic solids, and bacteria; and semi-dissolved or dissolved organic matter, such as particulate and colloidal transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and other sticky polysaccharides that occur mostly within the biopolymer fraction of natural organic matter (NOM) [6]. Many of the precursors to biofouling are also known to be effectively removed by using subsurface intakes, such as conventional vertical wells [7][8][9][10][11] and seabed galleries [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of natural pore-water and offshore aquifer chemistry on the operation and economics of some subsurface intakes types for SWRO plants

Missimer¹,

Watson²,

Maliva³

et al. 2018

Desalination and Water Treatment

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CitationMissimer TM, Watson I, Maliva RG, Ghaffour N, Dehwah AAH, et al. (2018) Impacts of natural pore-water and offshore aquifer chemistry on the operation and economics of some subsurface intakes types for SWRO plants. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 132: 1-9. Available: http://dx. AbstractHorizontal and slant wells are being investigated as a means of obtaining feed water for seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants. These well types have been touted to produce higher quality seawater that will reduce the rate of membrane biofouling by removing algae, bacteria, transparent exopolymer particles, and other fractions of natural organic matter similar to onshore wells located on the beach. As these new well types are being considered for large-scale use, a careful evaluation of the biogeochemistry of seawater that occurs within the nearshore subsurface sediments is necessary to assess potential impacts to the SWRO process train. A high percentage of the coastlines of the world contain offshore sediments with seawater that is anoxic in nature with significant concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and dissolved organic matter, iron, manganese, and heavy metals. Where dissolved iron and/or manganese occur at concentrations greater than 1 mg/L in raw seawater, there can be problematical for direct treatment using the SWRO process. Membrane scaling and biofouling could become issues, which may necessitate pretreatment to reduce dissolved iron and manganese to acceptable concentrations prior to entry into the membrane process. The anoxic nature of the water could complicate the pretreatment process to remove the dissolved metals. Pretreatment requirements could significantly raise the capital and operational costs of SWRO negating the economic advantages of subsurface intakes. Six SWRO cost scenarios were evaluated to assess the impacts of slant wells on capital and operating costs based on the necessary to remove or not remove dissolved iron and manganese. The capital cost comparison of two open-ocean intake pretreatment systems to those in slant wells shows an increase of 6 to 20%. The difference in operating costs can range from 19% lower to 15% higher depending on the pretreatment required.

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Feasibility and Design of Seabed Gallery Intake Systems Along the Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia with Discussion of Design Criteria and Methods

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Green method of stemming the tide of invasive marine and freshwater organisms by natural filtration of shipping ballast water

Green method of stemming the tide of invasive marine and freshwater organisms by natural filtration of shipping ballast water

Seabed gallery intakes: Investigation of the water pretreatment effectiveness of the active layer using a long-term column experiment

Impacts of natural pore-water and offshore aquifer chemistry on the operation and economics of some subsurface intakes types for SWRO plants

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