“…[7][8][9][10][11] Currently vascular access for diagnostic procedures such as right heart catheters or for long-term peripheral central access lines are standard techniques and have excellent success rates and very low long-term complication risk, even when lines remain within the patients for many weeks and months. 12,13 Careful ultrasound puncture technique is key to allow for precise and uncomplicated access. 6 Increasingly, patients with congenital heart disease / neonatal issues are living longer.…”