Feasibility and Techno-Economic Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging of PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System with Different Battery Technology

Abstract

Promoting the development of green technologies and replacing fossil fuel vehicles with electric ones can abate the environmental anxieties and issues associated with energy supply security. The increasing demand for electric vehicles requires an upgrade and expansion of the available charging infrastructure to accommodate the fast public adoption of this type of transportation. Ethiopia set a pro-electric cars policy and made them excise-free even before the first electric vehicle charging stations were launched by Marathon Motors Engineering in 2021. This paper presents the first ever technical, economic and environmental evaluation of electric vehicle charging stations powered by hybrid intermittent generation systems in three cities in Ethiopia. This paper tests this model using three different battery types: Lead-acid (LA), Flow-Zince-Bromine (ZnBr) and Lithium-ion (LI), used individually. Using these three battery technologies, the proposed hybrid systems are then compared in terms of system sizing, economy, technical performance and environmental stability. The results show that the feasible configuration of Solar Photovoltaic (PV)/Diesel Generator (DG)/ZnBr battery systems provide the lowest net present cost (NPC), with values of $2.97M, $2.72M and $2.85M, and cost of energy (COE), with values $0.196, $0.18 and $0.188, in Addis Ababa, Jijiga and Bahir Dar, respectively. Of all feasible systems, the Wind Turbine (WT)/PV/LI, PV/LI and WT/PV/LI configurations have the highest values of NPC and COE in Addis Ababa, Jijiga and Bahir Dar. Using this configuration, the results demonstrate that ZnBr battery is the most favorable choice because the economic parameters, including total NPC and COE, are found to be lowest.

A Novel Doubly-Green Stand-Alone Electric Vehicle Charging Station in Saudi Arabia: An Overview and a Comprehensive Feasibility Study

“…The analysis in [54] also reveals the environmental benefit of the proposed model. Muna and Kuo [55] investigate the techno-economic and environmental analysis of EVCSs using hybrid energy systems with various storage device technologies in three different locations in Ethiopia. Their outcome reveals that the viable system configuration, which comprises a solar PV device, a DG, and a battery provides the best economic metrics in terms of the NPC and COE values in the considered locations.…”

A Novel Coordinated Control Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles during Clutch Slipping Process

“…From Figure 12, it is seen that the proposed coordinated control strategy exhibited a better control performance in terms of the speed and torque output from both power sources among the parallel HEV. As is well-known, vehicle jerk and clutch frictional loss are two important criteria that are widely used to quantitatively evaluate the control strategy performance for mode transitions [44][45][46]. Jerk is defined as the derivative of vehicle acceleration, as shown in Equation (25).…”

“…Jerk is defined as the derivative of vehicle acceleration, as shown in Equation (25). Vehicle jerk with a large value denotes that the driveline torque occurs as an obvious fluctuation phenomenon, and it will result in the deterioration of the vehicle's As is well-known, vehicle jerk and clutch frictional loss are two important criteria that are widely used to quantitatively evaluate the control strategy performance for mode transitions [44][45][46]. Jerk is defined as the derivative of vehicle acceleration, as shown in Equation (25).…”

Investigating the Optimal DOD and Battery Technology for Hybrid Energy Generation Models in Cement Industry Using HOMER Pro

“…Four different kinds of batteries, including the Hoppecke 24 OPzS 3000-Vented leadacid (Case-1), the Blue Ion 2.0 lithium-ion battery (Case-2), the redT vanadium redox battery (Case-3), and the Iron Edison nickel-iron battery (Case-4), were put through tests to see which one is best suited for use in hybrid systems. Equation ( 6) [49] depicts the DOD expression, and Table 3 contains important information about the chosen batteries.…”