Feasibility of Ionic Liquids as Alternative Separation Media for Industrial Solvent Extraction Processes

Nakashima, Kazunori; Kubota, F.; Maruyama, Tatsuo; Goto, Masahiro

doi:10.1021/ie049050t

Cited by 275 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The effectiveness of removal of many metal ions (e.g. Ag(I), Ce(III), Eu(III), Y(III), Cs(II), Sr(II)) has been proven as a result of replacement of the traditional solvents such as chloroform, dodecane in pyridinecalix-4-arene [81] or in CMPO (octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide) [82] by 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, and in crown ether 18C6 [83 and 84] by 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulphonyl) imide. The use of ionic liquids as replacement for diluents in the extraction of rare earths has been described elsewhere [85] .…”

Section: Ionic Liquids In Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in metals extraction

Regel‐Rosocka¹

2013

REVMETAL

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After near 70 years of practical usage, solvent extraction is a perfectly mastered technique of separation, widely used on an industrial scale for the separation of metals mainly from raw materials. However, currently, in the era of depleting natural resources and increasingly less accessible deposits, environmental restrictions, etc., an increasing interest, both from social and economical constrains, is being directed at the extraction of metals from the secondary sources (such as batteries, electronic scrap). In many cases, solvent extraction, due to its operational characteristics, can be considered as the Best Available Technology for the purpose of separating multielemental metal solutions. This paper provides a brief overview of past achievements and present scenario of solvent extraction investigations and developments, describing some recently commissioned solvent extraction plants, whereas the Skorpion Zinc plant (Namibia) for zinc extraction from raw materials and caesium removal from radioactive High Level Wastes (HLWs) are told over in detail as case studies. The paper also presents some proposals for the use of liquid-liquid extraction to separate metal ions from secondary sources (e.g. cobalt from industrial waste streams). The review highlights the emerging use of ionic liquids as new extractants for metals, providing an insight into this exciting research field. Despite its detractors, solvent extraction has entered in force into XXI century as a leading separation technology for metals. KeywordsLiquid-liquid extraction; Metals; Extractants; Ionic liquids; Caesium. Tendencias recientes en la extracción de metales ResumenDespués de casi 70 años de uso práctico, la extracción líquido-líquido o extracción con disolventes es una técnica de separación muy evolucionada, utilizándose a escala industrial en el beneficio de metales obtenidos de diversas materias primas. Sin embargo, con el agotamiento de los recursos naturales y el aumento de depósitos minerales de más difícil acceso, restricciones medio ambientales, etc., ha aumentado el interés, tanto desde el punto de vista económico como social, en la recuperación de los metales contenidos en materiales secundarios (baterías, chatarras electrónicas). En muchos casos, la extracción líquido-líquido y debido a sus características operacionales, se considera como la mejor tecnología disponible respecto a la separación de disoluciones metálicas multielementales. Este trabajo considera algunos de estos anteriores estudios y presenta la situación actual de la tecnología en cuanto a investigaciones y desarrollos, describiendo algunas de las más recientes plantas industriales en funcionamiento, detallando la planta Skorpion (Namibia) para la obtención de zinc, así como investigaciones encaminadas a la eliminación de cesio de efluentes radioactivos. También se presentan algunas de las propuestas encaminadas a la separación-recuperación de metales de materiales secundarios (por ejemplo, cobalto). Por último, se describe el uso emergente de los iones líq...

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Section: Ionic Liquids In Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in metals extraction

Regel‐Rosocka¹

2013

REVMETAL

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“…The most attractive feature is that their physicochemical properties, such as affinity with a solvent, density, viscosity and conductivity, are highly tunable. In the last ten years or so, the feasibility of ionic liquids as alternative media for metal extraction -89 -has been evaluated and IL-based systems, utilizing their characteristics, were applied in supported liquid membranes (SLMs) for the first time [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Precious Metals by Using Undiluted Ionic Liquids

Yang

Kubota

Baba

et al. 2014

SERDJ

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The ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Bmim][Tf 2 N]), was evaluated as an extractant without dilution for the separation and recovery of precious metals. Au(III) was efficiently extracted from the aqueous phase to the IL phase, and a concentrated Au(III) solution almost 8 times higher than the initial feed solutions could be produced. In contrast, Pd(II) was rarely extracted and Pt(IV) was partly extracted under the present experimental conditions. Furthermore, the effect of the IL anions on the extraction ability for the metal ions was examined, and it was found that an IL having an anion component slightly more hydrophilic compared to shown that ILs could be effective extractants for the separation of precious metals.

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“…Many researchers have reported on the IL solvent extraction of metal cations, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and several reviews concerning the method have been published. [35][36][37][38] In the use of an IL as an extraction solvent, however, the recovery of the extracted metals is a serious problem because the IL phase cannot be evaporated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction Behavior of Divalent Metal Cations in Ionic Liquid Chelate Extraction Systems Using 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imides and Thenoyltrifluoroacetone

2008

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The extraction behavior of several divalent metal cations (M 2+ ) in ionic liquid chelate extraction systems was investigated using several 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquids ([Rmim][Tf2N]) as extraction solvent and thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Htta) as extractant. The behavior was compared with that using less hydrophobic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates ([Rmim][PF6]). The extracted species in the [Rmim][Tf2N] systems were neutral M(tta)2 for M = Cu and anionic M(tta)3 -for M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd. Conversion of ionic liquid anion from PF6 -to more hydrophobic Tf2N -resulted in changing the species extracted for Ni 2+ from hydrated neutral complex to hydrophobic anionic one. Furthermore, the extractability for these metals was governed by the hydrophobicity of ionic liquid ions. Thus, in the ionic liquid chelate extraction system, selection of a suitable ionic liquid as extraction phase seems to be an important factor for enhancement of extraction selectivity.

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Feasibility of Ionic Liquids as Alternative Separation Media for Industrial Solvent Extraction Processes

Cited by 275 publications

References 33 publications

Recent trends in metals extraction

Recent trends in metals extraction

Separation of Precious Metals by Using Undiluted Ionic Liquids

Extraction Behavior of Divalent Metal Cations in Ionic Liquid Chelate Extraction Systems Using 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imides and Thenoyltrifluoroacetone

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