“…Multilayer ceramic substrates are mainly manufactured by HTCC or LTCC technology, which was originally derived from developments at RCA Corporation in the late 1950s [ 230 ]. To meet specific requirements, such as geometric complexity, microscale, multifunction, turnaround time, and cost-effectiveness, significant efforts have been devoted to realizing the multi-material 3D printing of multilayer ceramic substrates in the past few decades [ 22 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 231 , 232 , 233 , 234 ]. For example, Imanaka et al [ 190 ] proposed a hybrid multi-material integration process using the combination of established AJP, chemical etching, sputtering, and plating techniques to fabricate the mesoscale multilayer ceramic structure with fine copper electrodes and vias ( Figure 10 a): employing AJP to deposit high-permittivity BaTiO 3 films, chemical etching to selectively remove materials for shaping the via holes on the as-deposited BaTiO 3 films and internal electrodes on the Cu sputter films, and plating to realize the metallization of via holes.…”