Feasibility of microwave-assisted ultraviolet digestion of polymeric waste electrical and electronic equipment for the determination of bromine and metals (Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Sb) by ICP-MS

Iop, Gabrielle D.; Krzyzaniak, Sindy R.; Silva, Jussiane S.; Flores, Érico M.M.; Costa, Adilson Ben da; Mello, Paola A.

doi:10.1039/c7ja00123a

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, one drawback of UV-photolysis is the long irradiation time of 1–24 h ( De Borba et al., 2014 ). But UV-photolysis in combination with MW reduces the digestion time to half an hour for many matrices ( Pereira, Wiltsche, Knapp, Flores ; Hartwig et al., 2017 ; Hartwig et al., 2016 ; Cerveira et al., 2020 ; Dash et al., 2012 , 2016 ; Iop et al., 2017 ; Mesko et al., 2015 ). This formed the basis of using microwave assisted UV digestion of cereal flours in our experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of microwave assisted-UV digestion using diluted reagents for the determination of total nitrogen in cereals by ion chromatography

Rastogi

Ankam

Yadlapalli³

et al. 2021

Current Research in Food Science

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The objective of this work is to develop a microwave assisted-ultraviolet (MW-UV) digestion in the presence of dilute HCl and H 2 O 2 followed by ion chromatography (IC) measurements for the determination of total nitrogen in cereals. This approach (MW-UV-IC) requires lesser time and does not need environmentally hazardous materials as used in Kjeldhal method. Further, the developed method requires only microliter quantities of dilute HCl and few milliliters of H 2 O 2 for the matrix digestion and simultaneous conversion of nitrogen to its ionic species for the subsequent analysis by IC. At the optimized acid concentrations (200 μL of 0.1 mol L −1 HCl) and microwave power, the nitrogen in the cereals flours is converted to nitrate (NO 3 − ), nitrite (NO 2 − ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ) ions. The nitrogen species were separated using IonPac AS-20 and IonPac CS-17 columns and then quantified using suppressed conductivity detection. The method was applied to estimate the total nitrogen in flours of various cereals like; wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), rice ( Oryza sativa ), finger millet ( Eleusine coracana ), jowar ( Sorghum ) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ). The results obtained using proposed method, were in good agreement with that of Kjeldhal method. Further, the precision of the values obtained by developed method was on par with the Kjeldhal method for all the tested flours as verified by F-test (n = 5 and 95% confidence limit). Additionally, greenness assessment tools like analytical Eco-scale and green analytical procedure index (GAPI) suggested the proposed MW-UV-IC method, for the determination of total nitrogen in cereal flours, to be excellently green and safe.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of microwave assisted-UV digestion using diluted reagents for the determination of total nitrogen in cereals by ion chromatography

Rastogi

Ankam

Yadlapalli³

et al. 2021

Current Research in Food Science

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“…As shown in Figure a, the turbid solution became clear after 6 h of digestion. In previous work, digestion efficiency was evaluated through the determination of residual carbon content (RCC) by using ICP-OES. However, the rice powder in the sample solution usually blocked the nebulizer of ICP-OES, and thus, it was not easy to use ICP-OES to evaluate the digestion efficiency of the developed system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure Sample Digestion Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge

et al. 2018

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A new sample digestion method using a double layer and coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) digestion reactor was developed for the sensitive determination of trace elements in rice samples. All the operation parameters of the DBD microplasma and other digestion conditions were carefully optimized. Three DBD-digestion modes were investigated for real matrix samples, including HO-DBD-digestion, HO-DBD-digestion, and HNO-DBD-digestion systems. Among the three modes, the HO-DBD-digestion system provides a suitable digestion of sample without any additional chemicals, achieving environmental friendly sample treatment and eliminating the potential interferences. Under the optimized conditions, limits of detection for Mg, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, and As were in the range of 0.01-0.35 ng g by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The accuracy of the proposed method was checked by analysis of a certified reference material (GBW10043) and spiked samples with satisfactory results (83-113% recoveries).

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“…86 It is also important to mention that the most usual solvents for halogen extraction have been alkaline solutions containing either TMAH or NH 4 OH 54,78,143 and this method has been applied mainly for botanical samples by using up to 250 mg. 46,47,54,79 Another widely used method for sample preparation and further Some studies also have recommended the addition of HCl and HF (only for further bromine and iodine determination), usually with the aid of either conventional heating 65,70 or alternative sources of energy, such as microwave 74,109,118 and ultraviolet radiation. 107 Although this method is considered highly effective for metal determination, halogens can be lost when using concentrated or oxidizing acids. 144,145 In this sense, some methods have been developed using stabilizing agents to prevent volatilization.…”

Section: Sample Preparation Methods For Further Halogen Determinatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, when using only a dilute acid solution, polymeric waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) samples were digested avoiding the use of stabilizing solution for bromine determination. 107 Finally, it is important to mention that acid digestion methods using concentrated or dilute 150,151 solutions have been mainly used for hard-to-digest matrices, such as petrochemical 52,73,107,118 and biological samples. 25,37,81,82,109 Another relatively simple and inexpensive sample preparation Na 2 CO 3 , Na 2 SO 3 , NaOH, or TMAH), being converted into their ionic form.…”

Section: Sample Preparation Methods For Further Halogen Determinatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and trends for halogen determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A review

Flores

Mello

Krzyzaniak

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale In this review, works published in the past 25 years for fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine determination in several matrices by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) were covered. Usually, the determination of halogens has been performed by ICP‐MS using a previous sample preparation step or, more recently, by direct analysis of solid or liquid samples. Methods Methods based on combustion, extraction, pyrohydrolysis, sample dilution in organic or aqueous medium, and wet digestion, among others, are discussed. Moreover, the recent applications of methods based on laser ablation (LA) and electrothermal vaporization (ETV) coupled to ICP‐MS are discussed. Results The main challenge for methods using sample preparation has been to obtain a final solution compatible with ICP‐MS, as well as to overcome problems related to analyte losses and contamination. Interferences due to the presence of dissolved organic compounds in solution, enhancement or suppression of ionization of analytes, and related matrix effects have been of concern when using ICP‐MS. For the determination of halogens by ICP‐MS using LA and ETV systems, some limitations related to the difficulty of calibration are pointed out, impairing the widespread use of this approach. Conclusions A critical view is presented for further halogen determination by ICP‐MS, mainly for matrices considered difficult to digest using conventional protocols.

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Feasibility of microwave-assisted ultraviolet digestion of polymeric waste electrical and electronic equipment for the determination of bromine and metals (Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Sb) by ICP-MS

Abstract: A method for the digestion of polymeric waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) by microwave-assisted ultraviolet wet digestion (MAWD-UV) was proposed.

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Development of microwave assisted-UV digestion using diluted reagents for the determination of total nitrogen in cereals by ion chromatography

Development of microwave assisted-UV digestion using diluted reagents for the determination of total nitrogen in cereals by ion chromatography

Low-Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure Sample Digestion Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Challenges and trends for halogen determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A review

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