Feasibility of Pure Ultrasonography Guided Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Flank Position

Abstract

Background: Although percutaneous nephrolithotomy is most commonly performed with fluoroscopic access, yet, phobia and risks of radiation exposure are 2 important dilemmas. Herein the feasibility of flank position ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy for management of renal stones was assessed.

Experiences of Renal Stone Fragmentation with the Use of the Ultrasound-guided Mini-percutaneous Nephrolithotipsy in 650 Patients

“…In our study, the mean age of patients was 47.3 ± 7.6 (21-91) ( Table 1). A couple of other studies have given the same results; for instance, Zimmermanns et al reported on 652 patients with the mean age of 54.1 ± 15.7, and Zare studied 250 patients with the mean age of 42.0 ± 13.4 [8], [9]. The mean size of stone in our study was 19.4 ± 1.2 (12-60) mm ( Table 1).…”

“…According to Abdelhafez et al study in 2012, on 83 patients, simple stones accounted for 38.6%; multiple, complex stones accounted for 61.4% [3]. Zare recorded 62% of complex stones, 12% of pelvic renal stones, and 4% of upper ureteral stones [9]. Hydronephrosis degrees 1, 2, and 3 for the patients in our study group were 30.7%, 45.5%, and 13.3%, respectively (Table 1).…”

“…Hydronephrosis degrees 1, 2, and 3 for the patients in our study group were 30.7%, 45.5%, and 13.3%, respectively (Table 1). In Zare's study, the respective degrees of hydronephrosis was 23.2%, 16.8%, and 7.2% [9].…”

“…The advantage of the middle calyx of kidney puncture is that it helps to effectively monitor the calyx of kidney and renal pelvis. In Zare's study, the middle calyx of kidney puncture accounted for 57.2%, the lower calyx of kidney puncture 33.2%, and the upper calyx of kidney 9.6% [9]. In 2012, Abdelhafez et al reported on 83 patients treated with the mini-PCNL, in which the upper calyx of kidney puncture accounted for 4.8%, the middle calyx of kidney puncture 10.8%, and the rest was the lower calyx of kidney [3].…”