Feasibility of Resistance Exercise for Posttraumatic Stress and Anxiety Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Whitworth, James W.; Nosrat, Sanaz; SantaBarbara, Nicholas J.; Ciccolo, Joseph T.

doi:10.1002/jts.22464

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…(37, 39-41, 120, 125-136) were proven to improve depression, anxiety, cognitive function, and overall functions such as sleep quality, psychological well-being, sexual function, and cardiorespiratory fitness as well. Although aerobic exercise and mind-body exercise are the most studied types of exercise with significant results, resistance exercise, stretching exercise, endurance exercise, and other types of exercise have also proven to be effective treatment options for depression (67,72,107,110,(137)(138)(139)(140). Structured/combined exercise (including resistance, aerobic, strength, balance, relaxation, and endurance exercise) is recommended (53, 69, 141-151); however, there have been no studies comparing structured exercise with a single exercise program.…”

Section: The Therapeutic Effect Of Exercise On Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on the Treatment of Depression

Xie

Sun

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: It is necessary to seek alternative therapies for depression, because side effects of medications lead to poor adherence and some patients do not achieve a clinical treatment effect. Recently the role of exercise as a low-cost and easy-to-use treatment for depression has gained attention with a number of studies showing that exercise is effective at reducing depressive symptoms and improving body functions such as cardiorespiratory system and cognitive function. Because of the heterogeneity of exercise therapy programs, there is no standardized and unified program. Few studies have summarized the specific properties of exercise programs (type, intensity, duration, and frequency) and clinical prescriptions for exercise are not mentioned in most articles.Aims: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of exercise therapy for patients with depression, in order to appraise the evidence and outline accepted guidelines to direct individualized treatment plans for patients with depression based on their individual situations.Methods: A systematic review of English language literature including papers published from 2010 to present in PubMed was performed. Given the feasibility of prescribing exercise therapy for patients with depression, nearly 3 years of clinical studies on the treatments of depressive symptoms with exercise were first reviewed, comparing the exercise programs utilized.Conclusions: Exercise has therapeutic effects on depression in all age groups (mostly 18–65 years old), as a single therapy, an adjuvant therapy, or a combination therapy, and the benefits of exercise therapy are comparable to traditional treatments for depression. Moderate intensity exercise is enough to reduce depressive symptoms, but higher-dose exercise is better for overall functioning. Exercise therapy has become more widely used because of its benefits to the cardiovascular system, emotional state, and systemic functions.Recommendations: Aerobic exercise/mind-body exercise (3–5 sessions per week with moderate intensity lasting for 4–16 weeks) is recommended. Individualized protocols in the form of group exercise with supervision are effective at increasing adherence to treatment.

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Section: The Therapeutic Effect Of Exercise On Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on the Treatment of Depression

Xie

Sun

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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“…An a priori power calculation programme showed that the proposed randomized controlled trial sample need to consists of 86 participants (G*Power 3.1.9.2; F-test over two groups with a moderate effect size, α = .05, f = .25, power = .80). This moderate effect size is based on multiple previous research showing bordering-medium to large effect sizes (Goldstein et al, 2018 ; Hall et al, 2020 ; Powers et al, 2015 ; Ramos-Sanchez et al, 2021 ; Rosenbaum, Sherrington, et al, 2015 ; Rosenbaum et al, 2015 ; Whitworth et al, 2019a ). Besides this, our study most resembles the study of Rosenbaum, Sherrington, and colleagues ( 2015 ), who reported a moderate effect size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Besides, most studies investigated a homogeneous group of patients (e.g. veterans, refugees; Goldstein et al, 2018 ; Hall et al, 2020 ; Nordbrandt et al, 2020 ), and lacked long-term follow-up measurements (Goldstein et al, 2018 ; Nordbrandt et al, 2020 ; Powers et al, 2015 ; Rosenbaum, Sherrington, et al, 2015 ; Whitworth, Nosrat, SantaBarbara, & Ciccolo, 2019a , 2019b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmenting PTSD treatment with physical activity: study protocol of the APPART study (Augmentation for PTSD with Physical Activity in a Randomized Trial)

Voorendonk

Sanches²,

Tollenaar

et al. 2022

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background New intensive trauma-focused treatment (TFT) programmes that incorporate physical activity have been developed for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the unique contribution of physical activity within these intensive TFT programmes has never been investigated in a controlled manner. Objectives This randomized controlled trial will investigate the effectiveness of physical activity added to an intensive TFT programme. In addition, the study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of physical activity on the change in PTSD symptoms. Methods Individuals with PTSD ( N = 120) will be randomly allocated to two conditions: a physical activity or a non-physical active control condition. All participants will receive the same intensive TFT lasting eight days within two consecutive weeks, in which daily prolonged exposure and EMDR therapy sessions, and psycho-education are combined. The amount of physical activity will differ per condition. While the physical activity condition induces daily physical activities with moderate intensity, in the non-physical active control condition no physical activity is prescribed; but instead, a controlled mixture of guided (creative) tasks is performed. The two primary outcome measures are change in PTSD symptoms from pre- to post-treatment and at six months follow-up, measured with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Additionally, self-reported sleep problems, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, dissociation symptoms and anxiety sensitivity will be measured as potential underlying mechanisms. Conclusions This study will contribute to the research field of augmentation strategies for PTSD treatment by investigating the effectiveness of physical activity added to intensive TFT. Trial registration This trial is registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (Trial NL9120).

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“…** p , .010. (Chwastiak et al, 2011;Winning et al, 2017); however, recent randomized controlled studies also demonstrate exercise's potential to alleviate PTSD symptoms (Rosenbaum et al, 2015;Whitworth et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and psychiatric comorbidity among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

et al. 2022

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Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with physical inactivity and cigarette smoking. However, little is known about the degree to which comorbid psychiatric conditions affect the odds of physical inactivity and smoking among individuals with PTSD. Objective: To examine associations between PTSD, comorbid psychiatric conditions (depression, anxiety, or hazardous alcohol/substance use), physical inactivity and smoking among military veterans. Method: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data on U.S. veterans from Project VALOR (Veterans' After-discharge Longitudinal Registry; n = 1140). Logistic regressions examined associations between PTSD, comorbid psychiatric conditions, physical inactivity, and cigarette smoking. Results: PTSD was associated with increased odds of being physically inactive (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08, p , .001) and a current smoker (OR = 1.39, p = .037), relative to no PTSD. PTSD with cooccurring depression was associated with increased odds for physical inactivity (OR = 2.68, p , .001) and smoking (OR = 1.78, p = .003), relative to PTSD only. PTSD with anxiety was associated with physical inactivity (OR = 2.17, p , .001), whereas cooccurring alcohol (OR = 1.60, p = .023) and substance use (OR = 2.00, p = .001) were associated with smoking. Additionally, numerous combinations of PTSD plus multiple conditions (e.g., PTSD þ depression þ anxiety) further increased the odds of physical inactivity and smoking (p , .05). Conclusions: Greater numbers of psychiatric comorbidities increase the odds of physical inactivity and cigarette smoking among veterans with PTSD. Physical inactivity and cigarette smoking are important predictors of cardiovascular and metabolic disease, and PTSD rarely occurs without psychiatric comorbidity. Thus, additional longitudinal research is needed to determine the impact of these associations, as they have clear physical and mental health implications.

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Feasibility of Resistance Exercise for Posttraumatic Stress and Anxiety Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

The Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on the Treatment of Depression

The Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on the Treatment of Depression

Augmenting PTSD treatment with physical activity: study protocol of the APPART study (Augmentation for PTSD with Physical Activity in a Randomized Trial)

Physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and psychiatric comorbidity among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

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