Feasibility of Terrestrial laser scanning for collecting stem volume information from single trees

Saarinen, Ninni; Kankare, Ville; Vastaranta, Mikko; Luoma, Ville; Pyörälä, Jiri; Tanhuanpää, Topi; Liang, Xinlian; Kaartinen, Harri; Kukko, Antero; Jaakkola, Anttoni; Yu, Xiaowei; Holopainen, Markus; Hyyppä, Juha

doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.11.012

Cited by 130 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Therefore, it has useful practical applications in forestry. In the Nordic countries such as Denmark and Finland, forest inventory has been largely developed and managed by the Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) approach [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Sample Plot Parameters from 3D Point Cloud Reconstruction Based on Combined RTK and CCD Continuous Photography

et al. 2018

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Enriching forest resource inventory is important to ensure the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. Obtaining forest inventory data from the field has always been difficult, laborious, time consuming, and expensive. Advances in integrating photogrammetry and computer vision have helped researchers develop some numeric algorithms and methods that can turn 2D (images) into 3D (point clouds) and are highly applicable to forestry. This paper aimed to develop a new, highly accurate methodology that extracts sample plot parameters based on continuous terrestrial photogrammetry. For this purpose, we designed and implemented a terrestrial observation instrument combining real-time kinematic (RTK) and charge-coupled device (CCD) continuous photography. Then, according to the set observation plan, three independent experimental plots were continuously photographed and the 3D point cloud of the plot was generated. From this 3D point cloud, the tree position coordinates, tree DBHs, tree heights, and other plot characteristics of the forest were extracted. The plot characteristics obtained from the 3D point cloud were compared with the measurement data obtained from the field to check the accuracy of our methodology. We obtained the position coordinates of the trees with the positioning accuracy (RMSE) of 0.162 m to 0.201 m. The relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of the trunk diameter measurements was 3.07% to 4.51%, which met the accuracy requirements of traditional forestry surveys. The hypsometrical measurements were due to the occlusion of the forest canopy and the estimated rRMSE was 11.26% to 11.91%, which is still good reference data. Furthermore, these image-based point cloud data also have portable observation instruments, low data collection costs, high field measurement efficiency, automatic data processing, and they can directly extract tree geographic location information, which may be interesting and important for certain applications such as the protection of registered famous trees. For forest inventory, continuous terrestrial photogrammetry with its unique advantages is a solution that deserves future attention in the field of tree detection and ecological construction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Sample Plot Parameters from 3D Point Cloud Reconstruction Based on Combined RTK and CCD Continuous Photography

et al. 2018

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“…Therefore, either ground inventory focused on stem product is executed or taper models are used to predict the products that can be obtained from each stem. In practical applications, a stem is described from ground measurements with two procedures: one based on measuring the diameter at various heights with optical devices [10][11][12][13], and one based on point clouds, such as terrestrial laser scanning [14][15][16][17]. Both approaches are time-consuming and not necessarily unexpensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Measurements and Taper Modeling Using Photogrammetric Point Clouds

Fang

Strîmbu

2017

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:The estimation of tree biomass and the products that can be obtained from a tree stem have focused forest research for more than two centuries. Traditionally, measurements of the entire tree bole were expensive or inaccurate, even when sophisticated remote sensing techniques were used. We propose a fast and accurate procedure for measuring diameters along the merchantable portion of the stem at any given height. The procedure uses unreferenced photos captured with a consumer grade camera. A photogrammetric point cloud (PPC) is produced from the acquired images using structure from motion, which is a computer vision range imaging technique. A set of 18 loblolly pines (Pinus taeda Lindl.) from east Louisiana, USA, were photographed, subsequently cut, and the diameter measured every meter. The same diameters were measured on the point cloud with AutoCAD Civil3D. The ground point cloud reconstruction provided useful information for at most 13 m along the stem. The PPC measurements are biased, overestimating real diameters by 17.

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“…Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has proven to non-destructively provide three-dimensional (3D) information on tree stems (Liang et al 2014, Kankare et al 2013, Raumonen et al 2013, Saarinen et al 2017) that has been impractical to produce with traditional means such as calipers or measurement tape. In applications related to boreal forests, TLS has been utilized in quantifying stem growth and changes in stem taper (Luoma et al 2019), reparametrizing an existing taper curve model , and assessing timber quality ).…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed point cloud data on stem size and shape of Scots pine trees

Saarinen

Kankare

Yrttimaa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Quantitative assessment of the effects of forest management on tree size and shape has been challenging as there has been a lack of methodologies for characterizing differences and possible changes comprehensively in space and time. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and photogrammetric point clouds provide three-dimensional (3D) information on tree stem reconstructions required for characterizing differences between stem shapes and growth allocation. This data set includes 3D reconstructions of stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees from sample plots with different thinning treatments. The thinning treatments include two intensities of thinning, three thinning types as well as control (i.e. no thinning treatment since the establishment). The data set can be used in developing point clouds processing algorithms for single tree stem reconstruction and for investigating variation in stem size and shape of Scots pine trees. Additionally, it offers possibilities in characterizing the effects of various thinning treatments on stem size and shape of Scots pine trees from boreal forests. Data set: Zenodo https://zenodo.org/record/3701271 Data set license: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

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Feasibility of Terrestrial laser scanning for collecting stem volume information from single trees

Cited by 130 publications

References 39 publications

Extraction of Sample Plot Parameters from 3D Point Cloud Reconstruction Based on Combined RTK and CCD Continuous Photography

Extraction of Sample Plot Parameters from 3D Point Cloud Reconstruction Based on Combined RTK and CCD Continuous Photography

Stem Measurements and Taper Modeling Using Photogrammetric Point Clouds

Detailed point cloud data on stem size and shape of Scots pine trees

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