Feasibility of the Schizophrenia Hope Scale-9: A Psychometric Study

Abstract

Hope is essential in rehabilitating persons with schizophrenia, though scales to measure hope are not appropriate for this population. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify the psychometric properties of the Schizophrenia Hope Scale-9 (SHS-9) using data from 83 people with schizophrenia in four mental health centers and 762 healthy persons from two universities in South Korea. The total SHS-9 score is calculated by adding all items’ scores and ranges from 0 to 18. The mean (standard deviation) SHS-9 score of the participants with schizophrenia and healthy participants was 11.53 (SD = 4.78) and 14.78 (SD = 3.19), respectively. Lower scores indicate a lower level of hope. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.92 with a four-week test-retest reliability of 0.89. Criterion-related construct validity was established by examining the correlation between the SHS-9 and the State-Trait Hope Inventory scores. Divergent validity was identified through a negative relationship of SHS-9 with the Beck Hopelessness Scale. In persons with schizophrenia and healthy college students, Bartlett’s test of sphericity yielded χ2 = 465.03 (p < 0.001) and χ2 = 2679.24 (p < 0.001) respectively. The values of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy were 0.89 and 0.90, respectively. The construct validity of the SHS-9 was confirmed through principal component analysis with extraction methods, which resulted in a one-factor solution, accounting for 61.83% of the total item variance. This study provides evidence for the validity and reliability of the SHS-9; therefore, it could be used to study the relationships between hope and other variables (e.g., depression and recovery) in persons with schizophrenia and measure the effect of psychosocial interventions on their hope.

The Perimenopausal Fatigue Self-Management Scale Is Suitable for Evaluating Perimenopausal Taiwanese Women’s Vulnerability to Fatigue Syndrome

“…The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value in the current study was 0.892 and a KMO value of 0.80–0.89 is classified as good (meritorious) [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. In theory, the KMO value was used to examine the measure of sampling adequacy (MSA), which ranged between 0 and 1, and the value more closely reached 1, suggesting that the correlation of the variables was much higher, and these variables were more suitable for factor analysis [ 27 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. The correlation coefficient between the variables was χ 2 = 503.45, df = 260, p < 0.001, suggesting that a significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity was found [ 44 , 45 ].…”

A feasibility and pilot trial of the Brief Educational Guide for Individuals in Need (BEGIN): Psychoeducation for individuals at risk for psychosis.

“…This is a nine-item self-report scale with questions about positive expectations for the future, confidence in life and future, and meaning in life. Reliability and validity were established in people with schizophrenia (Choe, 2014; Choe et al, 2020). Responses are rated on a Likert scale: 0 = disagree , 1 = agree , and 2 = strongly agree .…”