Feasibility of the Use of Gas Phase Inhibition of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Gas Transmission Pipelines Carrying Hydrogen: A Review

Atrens, Andrej; Gray, Evan; Venezuela, Jeffrey; Hoschke, Joshua; Roethig, Maximilian

doi:10.1007/s11837-022-05559-8

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…131 According to Michler et al, 132 the partial pressure of O 2 is the dominant factor that controls embrittlement. Empirical evidence of gas inhibitors on HE is summarized in several review articles 129,133,134 which have a consensus that oxygen has a mitigation effect on HE, whereas the influence of other impurities needs further investigation.…”

Section: H Entry During Electrochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Yu,

Díaz,

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Hydrogen is considered a clean and efficient energy carrier crucial for shaping the net-zero future. Large-scale production, transportation, storage, and use of green hydrogen are expected to be undertaken in the coming decades. As the smallest element in the universe, however, hydrogen can adsorb on, diffuse into, and interact with many metallic materials, degrading their mechanical properties. This multifaceted phenomenon is generically categorized as hydrogen embrittlement (HE). HE is one of the most complex material problems that arises as an outcome of the intricate interplay across specific spatial and temporal scales between the mechanical driving force and the material resistance fingerprinted by the microstructures and subsequently weakened by the presence of hydrogen. Based on recent developments in the field as well as our collective understanding, this Review is devoted to treating HE as a whole and providing a constructive and systematic discussion on hydrogen entry, diffusion, trapping, hydrogen–microstructure interaction mechanisms, and consequences of HE in steels, nickel alloys, and aluminum alloys used for energy transport and storage. HE in emerging material systems, such as high entropy alloys and additively manufactured materials, is also discussed. Priority has been particularly given to these less understood aspects. Combining perspectives of materials chemistry, materials science, mechanics, and artificial intelligence, this Review aspires to present a comprehensive and impartial viewpoint on the existing knowledge and conclude with our forecasts of various paths forward meant to fuel the exploration of future research regarding hydrogen-induced material challenges.

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Section: H Entry During Electrochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Yu,

Díaz,

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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“…The changes in free energy for associative adsorption of CH 4 and O 2 molecules at the Al 2 O 3 /Fe interface were calculated using the partition functions in Equations ( 12) and ( 15) under varied temperatures and pressures, and the results are shown in Figure 9. The temperature and pressure ranges were set in alignment with the operating conditions of hydrogen pipelines [70]. It can be seen that the dissociative adsorptions of both CH , is calculated as the difference between the energy of the interface with trapped H atoms and the total energy of the interface without H atoms and the H atoms [71].…”

Section: Dissociative Adsorption Of Ch4 and O2 Molecules At The 𝛼-𝐴𝑙 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative Adsorption of Hydrogen Molecules at Al2O3 Inclusions in Steels and Its Implications for Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Pipelines

Sun,

Cheng

2024

CMD

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Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of steel pipelines in high-pressure gaseous environments is a potential threat to the pipeline integrity. The occurrence of gaseous HE is subjected to associative adsorption of hydrogen molecules (H2) at specific “active sites”, such as grain boundaries and dislocations on the steel surface, to generate hydrogen atoms (H). Non-metallic inclusions are another type of metallurgical defect potentially serving as “active sites” to cause the dissociative adsorption of H2. Al2O3 is a common inclusion contained in pipeline steels. In this work, the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen at the α-Al2O3(0001)/α-Fe(111) interface on the Fe011¯ plane was studied by density functional theory calculations. The impact of gas components of O2 and CH4 on the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen was determined. The occurrence of dissociative adsorption of hydrogen at the Al2O3 inclusion/Fe interface is favored under conditions relevant to pipeline operation. Thermodynamic feasibility was observed for Fe and O atoms, but not for Al atoms. H atoms can form more stable adsorption configurations on the Fe side of the interface, while it is less likely for H atoms to adsorb on the Al2O3 side. There is a greater tendency for the occurrence of dissociative adsorption of O2 and CH4 than of H2, due to the more favorable energetics of the former. In particular, the dissociative adsorption of O2 is preferential over that of CH4. The Al-terminated interface exhibits a higher H binding energy compared to the O-terminated interface, indicating a preference for hydrogen accumulation at the Al-terminated interface.

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“…At lower values of ∆K, the corresponding FCG curves were reduced. This suggested that at a low ∆K, oxygen played a role in restraining the acceleration of fatigue crack expansion caused by hydrogen [26,27].…”

Section: Hydrogen Permeation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Impurity Gases on the Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Pipeline Steel in High-Pressure H2 Environments

Zhou,

Zhang

2024

Materials

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The use of hydrogen-blended natural gas presents an efficacious pathway toward the rapid, large-scale implementation of hydrogen energy, with pipeline transportation being the principal method of conveyance. However, pipeline materials are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement in high-pressure hydrogen environments. Natural gas contains various impurity gases that can either exacerbate or mitigate sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement. In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms through which multiple impurity gases could affect the hydrogen embrittlement behavior of pipeline steel. We examined the effects of O2 and CO2 on the hydrogen embrittlement behavior of L360 pipeline steel through a series of fatigue crack growth tests conducted in various environments. We analyzed the fracture surfaces and assessed the fracture mechanisms involved. We discovered that CO2 promoted the hydrogen embrittlement of the material, whereas O2 inhibited it. O2 mitigated the enhancing effect of CO2 when both gases were mixed with hydrogen. As the fatigue crack growth rate increased, the influence of impurity gases on the hydrogen embrittlement of the material diminished.

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Feasibility of the Use of Gas Phase Inhibition of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Gas Transmission Pipelines Carrying Hydrogen: A Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Dissociative Adsorption of Hydrogen Molecules at Al2O3 Inclusions in Steels and Its Implications for Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Pipelines

The Impact of Impurity Gases on the Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Pipeline Steel in High-Pressure H2 Environments

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